Africa
Mauritania: The Desert That Does Not Forget. Descent-Based Slavery and Caste Persistence in the Contemporary Sahel
In a country that combines state-driven modernization with deeply rooted tribal structures, descent-based slavery remains a living institution. This study examines the endurance of a biracial caste system that interweaves lineage, religious prestige, colonial legacies and community-level coercion, showing how…
Algeria’s Economic Transformation Under Constraints of Democracy and Freedom of Expression
Algeria, endowed with abundant natural resources, a dynamic youth population, and a history of struggle for independence, is undergoing significant economic transformation. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune’s initiatives during his second term reflect a strong commitment to modernizing the national economy. However,…




