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Chile, the submarine cable, and the strategic competition between the United States and China

“In the 21st century, whoever controls the flows of data controls the architecture of power.” In public debate, submarine cables often appear as technical projects associated with connectivity, digital commerce or telecommunications modernization. However, behind these invisible routes under the…

When Code Replaces Conscience

by Irshad Ahmad Mughal & Dr. Qurat al Ain Rana In the last century, millions perished in the fires of the First and Second World Wars. Europe, proud of its philosophy and its progress, burned the world in the name…