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cultural diversity

Blossom Beyond Boundaries: Literary Criticism and the Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Panagbenga 2025

By: Rhodalyn B. Cabbotot The Panagbenga Festival, held annually in Baguio City, is more than just a celebration of flowers. It’s a vibrant representation of the community’s roots, strength, and solidarity. The 2025 festival’ theme is “Blossom Beyond Boundaries’‘, capturing…

The Post-Harvest Tugging Tradition: “Punnuk” of Hungduan, Ifugao

by Christina B. Dano There is a place in the Cordillera Administrative Region, particularly in Ifugao’s Hungduan, where three communities—Hapao, Baang, and Nungulunan—participate in a series of post-harvest rituals collectively known as “ huowah .” The final ritual, “ punnuk…

The Paedeng Festival: Where Cultural Celebration Meets Taste

by: Mark B. Libio Nestled amidst the picturesque landscapes of the Cordillera Mountains, the Ibaloi people have long celebrated their rich cultural heritage through vibrant festivals. One such celebration, the Paedeng Festival, is a unique event that showcases the Ibaloi’s…