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America Latina

Trump redraws his “backyard”: the summit of the “loyal” and the new pressure on Latin America

The March 7 call in Miami is not regional integration but geopolitical classification. Under the rhetoric of security and cooperation, Washington reactivates the logic of a sphere of influence to contain China and discipline a fragmented Latin America with unequal…

The decline of the intelligence quotient in the digital age: cognitive reconfiguration and global trends

Throughout the 20th century, intelligence quotient (IQ) scores experienced a sustained increase—known as the Flynn Effect—which has been revised over the past two decades by new studies documenting a reversal in industrialized countries. This phenomenon, confirmed by longitudinal research and…