Claudia Aranda
Gen Z and the bankruptcy of “Company-Store Democracy”*: From nitrate tokens to a generational verdict
Across the arid pampas of Tarapacá and Antofagasta, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Chilean nitrate mining camps erected a system of total domination that went far beyond ordinary labor exploitation. Thousands of workers—Chileans, Bolivians, Peruvians, Croatians, Italians—lived…
Mauritania: The Desert That Does Not Forget. Descent-Based Slavery and Caste Persistence in the Contemporary Sahel
In a country that combines state-driven modernization with deeply rooted tribal structures, descent-based slavery remains a living institution. This study examines the endurance of a biracial caste system that interweaves lineage, religious prestige, colonial legacies and community-level coercion, showing how…




