{"id":88082,"date":"2014-02-05T22:25:16","date_gmt":"2014-02-05T22:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=88082"},"modified":"2014-02-05T22:25:16","modified_gmt":"2014-02-05T22:25:16","slug":"les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/","title":{"rendered":"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent. L\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 1,5% du PIB europ\u00e9en, et pr\u00e8s de deux fois le budget annuel de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Telle est la conclusion d\u2019une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l\u2019expert financier ind\u00e9pendant Alexander Kloeck, \u00e0 la demande des eurod\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e9cologistes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cette garantie implicite concerne principalement les banques \u00ab\u00a0mixtes\u00a0\u00bb, qui combinent deux types d\u2019activit\u00e9s au sein d\u2019une seule entit\u00e9 juridique\u00a0: banques de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts, elles g\u00e8rent l\u2019\u00e9pargne des particuliers ou des entreprises, et leur octroient des pr\u00eats\u00a0; banques d\u2019affaires, elles interviennent sur les march\u00e9s financiers. En cas de faillite bancaire, les \u00c9tats sont garants \u00ab\u00a0en dernier recours\u00a0\u00bb des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts des \u00e9pargnants. Sauf que dans le cas de ces banques mixtes, cette garantie de l\u2019\u00c9tat s\u2019\u00e9tend de fait au d\u00e9partement \u00ab\u00a0march\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb de ces m\u00eames banques. Car les investisseurs anticipent le fait que malgr\u00e9 les risques pris par une banque d\u2019affaire, l\u2019\u00c9tat sera toujours l\u00e0 en cas de faillite. Une telle garantie permet aux banques mixtes de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier sur les march\u00e9s financiers de taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats plus bas que ceux des banques d\u2019affaires \u00ab\u00a0pures\u00a0\u00bb (celles qui ne sont pas aussi des banques de d\u00e9p\u00f4t).<\/p>\n

Les agences de notation \u00e9valuent deux fois ces banques mixtes\u00a0: une \u00e9valuation \u00ab\u00a0stand alone\u00a0\u00bb, sur la banque seule, et une \u00e9valuation \u00ab\u00a0all-in\u00a0\u00bb \u2013 bien plus favorable \u2013 qui int\u00e8gre la garantie des \u00c9tats. L\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019Alexander Kloeck se base notamment sur cet \u00e9cart de note et les taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat diff\u00e9rents qui en r\u00e9sultent, en faisant la synth\u00e8se de nombreuses \u00e9tudes d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur le sujet. R\u00e9sultat\u00a0: gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat plus favorables, en 2012, le secteur bancaire europ\u00e9en a per\u00e7u l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 234 milliards d\u2019euros de subvention implicite des \u00c9tats, selon l\u2019estimation moyenne la plus probable.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9former le secteur bancaire<\/h3>\n

En France, les quatre plus grands \u00e9tablissements bancaires sont des banques mixtes\u00a0: BNP Paribas, Cr\u00e9dit agricole, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et BPCE (Banque populaire – Caisse d\u2019\u00e9pargne). Cette garantie implicite de l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais leur rapporterait l\u2019\u00e9quivalent d\u2019une subvention annuelle de 48 milliards d\u2019euros, selon l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Ga\u00ebl Giraud, chercheur au CNRS. En plus de ce cadeau substantiel, ces taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels encouragent les banques \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper leurs activit\u00e9s de march\u00e9 et \u00e0 prendre davantage de risques, analyse Alexander Kloeck. Ils favorisent ainsi la d\u00e9connexion entre sp\u00e9culation financi\u00e8re et \u00e9conomie r\u00e9elle. C\u2019est \u00e9galement une distorsion de concurrence flagrante en faveur des banques mixtes par rapport aux autres banques.<\/p>\n

Une fa\u00e7on de mettre fin \u00e0 cet incroyable avantage serait d\u2019op\u00e9rer une claire s\u00e9paration entre banques de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et banques d\u2019affaires \u2013 en revenant ainsi \u00e0 la situation qui pr\u00e9valait dans les ann\u00e9es 1990. Les banques mixtes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9es en France par la loi bancaire de 1984. Les premi\u00e8res banques mixtes fran\u00e7aises sont n\u00e9es avec la fusion du Cr\u00e9dit Agricole et du Cr\u00e9dit Lyonnais, et celle de BNP et Paribas en 2000. Le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais, avec la r\u00e9forme bancaire<\/a> vot\u00e9e en 2013, n\u2019a pas voulu s\u2019opposer aux int\u00e9r\u00eats priv\u00e9s des puissantes banques fran\u00e7aises. L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne, qui planche actuellement sur une r\u00e9forme des activit\u00e9s bancaires, osera-t-elle aller un peu plus loin\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Lire l\u2019\u00e9tude ici<\/a> (en anglais).<\/p>\n

Source : http:\/\/www.multinationales.org\/Les-grandes-banques-europeennes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent. L\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 1,5% du PIB europ\u00e9en, et pr\u00e8s de deux fois le budget annuel de l\u2019Union…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":926,"featured_media":88083,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,40],"tags":[2658,6722,1492],"class_list":["post-88082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-international-fr","tag-speculation","tag-subventions","tag-union-europeenne"],"yoast_head":"\nLes grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pressenza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-02-05T22:25:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"307\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R\u00e9daction France\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"R\u00e9daction France\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"R\u00e9daction France\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043\"},\"headline\":\"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-02-05T22:25:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\"},\"wordCount\":640,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Sp\u00e9culation\",\"subventions\",\"Union europ\u00e9enne\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economie\",\"International\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\",\"name\":\"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-02-05T22:25:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg\",\"width\":460,\"height\":307},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Pressenza\",\"description\":\"International Press Agency\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pressenza\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Pressenza\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/PressenzaIPA\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043\",\"name\":\"R\u00e9daction France\",\"description\":\"News published by the Pressenza bureau in France\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/redactionfrance\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb","description":"Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb","og_description":"Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/","og_site_name":"Pressenza","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia","article_published_time":"2014-02-05T22:25:16+00:00","og_image":[{"width":460,"height":307,"url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"R\u00e9daction France","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@PressenzaIPA","twitter_site":"@PressenzaIPA","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"R\u00e9daction France","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/"},"author":{"name":"R\u00e9daction France","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043"},"headline":"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb","datePublished":"2014-02-05T22:25:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/"},"wordCount":640,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg","keywords":["Sp\u00e9culation","subventions","Union europ\u00e9enne"],"articleSection":["Economie","International"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/","name":"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg","datePublished":"2014-02-05T22:25:16+00:00","description":"Les banques europ\u00e9ennes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0soutien\u00a0\u00bb de 200 \u00e0 300 milliards d\u2019euros par an, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la garantie implicite que les \u00c9tats leur fournissent.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Euro.jpg","width":460,"height":307},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/02\/les-grandes-banques-europeennes-beneficiaires-de-milliards-deuros-de-subventions-implicites\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les grandes banques europ\u00e9ennes, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de milliards d\u2019euros de subventions \u00ab implicites \u00bb"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/","name":"Pressenza","description":"International Press Agency","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization","name":"Pressenza","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Pressenza"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia","https:\/\/x.com\/PressenzaIPA"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043","name":"R\u00e9daction France","description":"News published by the Pressenza bureau in France","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr"],"url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/redactionfrance\/"}]}},"place":"","original_article_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/926"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88082"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88082\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}