{"id":77590,"date":"2013-11-19T05:37:52","date_gmt":"2013-11-19T05:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=77590"},"modified":"2013-11-19T06:24:34","modified_gmt":"2013-11-19T06:24:34","slug":"comment-les-ambassades-occidentales-limitent-les-voyages-des-cubains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2013\/11\/comment-les-ambassades-occidentales-limitent-les-voyages-des-cubains\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les ambassades occidentales limitent les voyages des Cubains"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/peso-cubano-convertible-Lunification-mon%C3%A9taire-%C3%A0-Cuba-doit-r%C3%A9soudre-le-probl%C3%A8me-des-in%C3%A9galit%C3%A9s.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"243\" \/><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Image : JoshNV | flickr | Creative Commons<\/p>\n<p><i> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Voyager \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger rel\u00e8ve du parcours du combattant pour les Cubains. Mais pas forc\u00e9ment pour les raisons que l\u2019on croit\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Comme tous les peuples, les Cubains aspirent \u00e0 voyager et d\u00e9couvrir le monde, que ce soit en simple touriste ou afin de r\u00e9aliser un projet personnel ou professionnel. Les obstacles sont nombreux lorsqu\u2019on est originaire d\u2019un pays du Tiers-monde, et davantage lorsqu\u2019on vient de l\u2019\u00eele de la Cara\u00efbe. Mais, contrairement \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on pourrait penser, ils ne sont pas uniquement d\u2019ordre financier ou politique.<\/p>\n<p>En effet, avant m\u00eame la r\u00e9forme migratoire adopt\u00e9e par le gouvernement de Ra\u00fal Castro en janvier 2013 qui permet aux Cubains de voyager sans autorisation des autorit\u00e9s, l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des personnes qui sollicitaient ce permis recevaient une r\u00e9ponse positive de La Havane. Ainsi, entre 2000 et le 31 ao\u00fbt 2012, sur un total de 941\u00a0953 demandes, 99,4% ont \u00e9t\u00e9 satisfaites. Seules 0,6% des personnes se sont vu refuser un voyage.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des Cubains qui voyagent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger choisissent de rentrer au pays. Ainsi, sur les 941\u00a0953 personnes ayant quitt\u00e9 le territoire national entre 2000 et 2012, seules 12,8% ont choisi de s\u2019\u00e9tablir \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, contre 87,2% qui sont revenues \u00e0 Cuba<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>La suppression des d\u00e9marches administratives et bureaucratiques \u2013 telles que l\u2019autorisation de sortie du territoire et la lettre d\u2019invitation souvent co\u00fbteuse \u2013, ainsi que l\u2019allongement de la dur\u00e9e du s\u00e9jour de 11 mois \u00e0 24 mois, renouvelable ind\u00e9finiment sur simple demande aupr\u00e8s d\u2019un consulat cubain \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques. Ainsi, de janvier \u00e0 octobre 2013, 226\u00a0877 Cubains ont voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, soit une hausse de 35% par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mais d\u00e9sormais, un autre d\u00e9fi attend les Cubains\u00a0: obtenir un visa. En effet, l\u2019obtention du pr\u00e9cieux s\u00e9same rel\u00e8ve d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable parcours du combattant et constitue aujourd\u2019hui la principale barri\u00e8re \u00e0 un s\u00e9jour \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger.\u00a0\u00a0Les exigences sont draconiennes et les refus tr\u00e8s nombreux.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, si un Cubain souhaite effectuer un s\u00e9jour en France, il doit prendre rendez-vous au moins un mois avant la date de son d\u00e9part aupr\u00e8s du consulat de France \u00e0 La Havane et fournir une liste de documents assez pr\u00e9cise. Il faut \u00ab\u00a0une lettre de motivation de la personne qui invite\u00a0\u00bb, une \u00ab\u00a0attestation d\u2019accueil de la mairie ou la r\u00e9servation d\u2019h\u00f4tel avec tous les frais pay\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, une \u00ab\u00a0copie des 3 derniers bulletins de salaires du r\u00e9pondant ou d\u00e9claration d\u2019imp\u00f4t r\u00e9cente\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0toute preuve du lien de parent\u00e9 avec l\u2019h\u00f4te\u00a0\u00bb, une \u00ab\u00a0copie de la carte nationale d\u2019identit\u00e9 ou du titre de s\u00e9jour en France de l\u2019h\u00e9bergeant\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019assurance voyage valable pour toute la dur\u00e9e du s\u00e9jour\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0la confirmation de la r\u00e9servation d\u2019un voyage organis\u00e9 ou tout autre document appropri\u00e9 indiquant le programme de voyage envisag\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, et 60 euros de frais de dossier, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de trois mois de salaire \u00e0 Cuba, non remboursables.\u00a0Les autorit\u00e9s diplomatiques avertissent d\u2019embl\u00e9e le voyageur potentiel\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019ambassade se r\u00e9serve le droit d\u2019accorder ou non le visa et n\u2019a, en aucun cas et bien que le dossier soit complet, d\u2019obligation \u00e0 octroyer un visa<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Les exigences sont similaires pour voyager en Espagne. Il faut \u00e9galement \u00ab\u00a0une lettre d\u2019invitation d\u2019un particulier enregistr\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s du commissariat de police local\u00a0\u00bb, le billet d\u2019avion retour, et d\u00e9montrer que l\u2019on dispose des ressources financi\u00e8res pour voyager d\u2019au moins 64,53 euros par jour et par personne, avec un minimum de 580,77 euros<a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les Etats-Unis, les restrictions sont encore plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res. Le nombre de visas accord\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 la demande est d\u00e9risoire. N\u00e9anmoins, il existe une solution pour les recal\u00e9s\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9migration ill\u00e9gale. En effet, la loi d\u2019Ajustement cubain de 1966 stipule que tout Cubain qui entre l\u00e9galement ou ill\u00e9galement sur le territoire national \u00e0 partir du 1<sup>er<\/sup>\u00a0janvier 1959 obtient automatiquement le statut de r\u00e9sident permanent au bout d\u2019un an et un jour.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant des ann\u00e9es, les puissances occidentales ont critiqu\u00e9 les autorit\u00e9s de La Havane, les accusant de freiner la libert\u00e9 de mouvement des Cubains. Or, alors que Cuba a supprim\u00e9 les obstacles bureaucratiques tels que l\u2019autorisation de sortie et la lettre d\u2019invitation afin de faciliter les voyages de ses citoyens, les ambassades \u00e9trang\u00e8res \u00e9rigent de nouvelles barri\u00e8res et exigent d\u00e9sormais des Cubains, en plus des documents habituels, \u2026.une lettre d\u2019invitation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<i>Cuba Debate<\/i>, \u00ab\u00a0Cuba seguir\u00e1 apostando por una emigraci\u00f3n legal, ordenada y segura\u00a0\u00bb, 25 octobre 2012.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Andrea Rodriguez, \u00ab\u00a0Cubanos viajan m\u00e1s al extranjero gracias a reforma\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0<i>The Associated Press<\/i>, octubre 2012.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0<i>Ambassade de France \u00e0 Cuba<\/i>, \u00ab\u00a0Les diff\u00e9rents types de visas et les documents \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter\u00a0\u00bb.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ambafrance-cu.org\/Les-differents-types-de-visas-et\">http:\/\/www.ambafrance-cu.org\/Les-differents-types-de-visas-et<\/a>\u00a0(site consult\u00e9 le 7 novembre 2013).<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.palestine-solidarite.org\/analyses.salim_lamrani.171113.htm#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0<i>Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores<\/i>, \u00ab\u00a0Requisitos de entrada\u00a0\u00bb.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Consulados\/LAHABANA\/es\/InformacionParaExtranjeros\/Paginas\/RequisitosDeEntrada.aspx\">http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Consulados\/LAHABANA\/es\/InformacionParaExtranjeros\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em id=\"__mceDel\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Consulados\/LAHABANA\/es\/InformacionParaExtranjeros\/Paginas\/RequisitosDeEntrada.aspx\">Paginas\/RequisitosDeEntrada.aspx<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/operamundi.uol.com.br\/conteudo\/babel\/32445\/como+limitan+las+embajadas+occidentales+los+viajes+de+los+cubanos.shtml\">http:\/\/operamundi.uol.com.br\/conteudo\/babel\/32445\/como+limitan+las+embajadas+occidentales+los+viajes+de+los+cubanos.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Image : JoshNV | flickr | Creative Commons \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Voyager \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger rel\u00e8ve du parcours du combattant pour les Cubains. Mais pas forc\u00e9ment pour les raisons que l\u2019on croit\u2026 Comme tous les peuples, les Cubains&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":859,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,40,163,93,95],"tags":[271,7857,7858,7856],"class_list":["post-77590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amerique-du-sud","category-international-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-politique","category-affaires-etrangeres","tag-cuba","tag-demarches-administratives-et-bureaucratiques","tag-visa","tag-voyages"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comment les ambassades occidentales limitent les voyages des Cubains<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0 Image : JoshNV | flickr | Creative Commons \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Voyager \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger rel\u00e8ve du parcours du combattant pour les Cubains. 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