{"id":68914,"date":"2013-09-15T19:44:19","date_gmt":"2013-09-15T18:44:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=68914"},"modified":"2013-09-15T19:44:19","modified_gmt":"2013-09-15T18:44:19","slug":"lheritage-mediatique-du-plan-condor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2013\/09\/lheritage-mediatique-du-plan-condor\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019h\u00e9ritage m\u00e9diatique du Plan Condor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tribune publi\u00e9e le 12 septembre 2013 sur Lemonde.fr<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Quarante ans apr\u00e8s le coup d\u2019\u00c9tat du 11 septembre 1973, les nuages de poussi\u00e8re de La Moneda hantent encore les consciences. Au-del\u00e0 du sacrifice de Salvador Allende, les cendres du palais pr\u00e9sidentiel chilien rec\u00e8lent le trauma des d\u00e9mocraties broy\u00e9es dans les griffes du plan Condor. La persistance du symbole souligne la vivacit\u00e9 de certaines plaies. A d\u00e9faut de justice, l\u2019heure est aux repentances, m\u00eame tardives. Sauf, en tout cas rarement, dans les rangs des m\u00e9dias.<\/p>\n

Le g\u00e9ant br\u00e9silien Globo<\/a><\/i> a certes franchi le pas, le 31 ao\u00fbt dernier, en reconnaissant \u00e0 pleines colonnes l\u2019\u201cerreur\u201d de son soutien au coup d\u2019\u00c9tat militaire du 31 mars 1964 contre le pr\u00e9sident Jo\u00e3o Goulart. \u201cC\u2019\u00e9tait la guerre froide et nous pensions sauver la d\u00e9mocratie\u201d, tente d\u2019expliquer le quotidien. L\u2019argentin Clar\u00edn<\/i> et le chilien El Mercurio<\/i> se comport\u00e8rent de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re quand les militaires prirent de force le pouvoir dans leur pays, mais ne se sont jamais livr\u00e9s \u00e0 un mea culpa<\/i>. Car la premi\u00e8re r\u00e8gle, c\u2019est semble-t-il business as usual<\/i>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019acte de contrition du groupe Globo<\/i> au Br\u00e9sil n\u2019a pas r\u00e9duit ses parts de march\u00e9. Au Chili, El Mercurio<\/i> continue de se partager avec le groupe Copesa le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice exclusif des 5 millions de dollars d\u2019aide annuelle de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 la presse. Et Clar\u00edn<\/i> garde sa posture dominante dans l\u2019espace argentin des fr\u00e9quences, refusant d\u2019en c\u00e9der comme l\u2019exige la nouvelle Loi de services de communication audiovisuelle (SCA ou Ley de Medios<\/i>), dont l\u2019application pleine et enti\u00e8re est \u00e0 ce jour suspendue \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9gulations surgies des gauches sud-am\u00e9ricaines des ann\u00e9es 2000 (Argentine, Bolivie, \u00c9quateur, Uruguay) se comprennent \u00e0 l\u2019aune de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage des ann\u00e9es Condor. La censure et la terreur ont cess\u00e9 mais le pluralisme ne l\u2019a sans doute pas emport\u00e9, le pluralisme r\u00e9el s\u2019entend. La forte concentration m\u00e9diatique ent\u00e9rin\u00e9e durant les dictatures n\u2019a connu aucune remise en cause au retour des d\u00e9mocraties. C\u2019\u00e9tait aussi le message des \u00e9tudiants chiliens massivement descendus dans la rue en 2011 ou des nombreux protestataires du \u2018Printemps br\u00e9silien\u2019 de juin dernier. Il arrive d\u2019ailleurs que l\u2019histoire balbutie, comme au Venezuela en 2002, au Honduras en 2009 ou encore au Paraguay en 2012, o\u00f9 des m\u00e9dias priv\u00e9s dominants se firent complice de coups d\u2019\u00c9tat que l\u2019on croyait pass\u00e9s de mode.<\/p>\n

Ailleurs, la promotion d\u2019une l\u00e9gislation nouvelle se heurte \u00e0 l\u2019opposition logique des groupes m\u00e9dias concern\u00e9s. Que l\u2019attitude de certains gouvernements nourrisse une polarisation dommageable pour le d\u00e9bat public est exact. Que parfois, la nouvelle l\u00e9gislation, comme en \u00c9quateur, tende \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un f\u00e2cheux contr\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias et de leurs contenus en plus d\u2019un louable partage des fr\u00e9quences est vrai aussi. Une red\u00e9finition de l\u2019espace de diffusion, tenant compte du vivier de m\u00e9dias alternatifs et de radios communautaires que compte la r\u00e9gion, ne s\u2019imposait pas moins.<\/p>\n

Soutenues en ce sens par les rapporteurs sp\u00e9ciaux de l\u2019ONU et de l\u2019OEA, l\u2019Argentine et l\u2019Uruguay rompent avec des syst\u00e8mes de r\u00e9gulation d\u2019autant plus obsol\u00e8tes qu\u2019ils \u00e9manaient des anciennes dictatures. Au Br\u00e9sil et au Chili, le statu quo demeure. Ironie de l\u2019histoire, les soutiens du putsch de Pinochet qui voulaient \u201c\u00e9viter un nouveau Cuba\u201d doivent se rendre aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vidence relev\u00e9 par l\u2019un de leurs compatriotes journalistes longtemps en exil\u00a0: \u201cAu Chili, comme \u00e0 Cuba, on ne trouve aucun quotidien d\u2019opposition en kiosque\u00a0!\u201d. Alors, de gr\u00e2ce, mesdames et messieurs les actionnaires, n\u2019invoquez pas la \u201clibert\u00e9 de la presse\u201d pour d\u00e9fendre vos dividendes.<\/p>\n

Christophe Deloire<\/strong>, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res
\nBeno\u00eet Hervieu<\/strong>, Bureau Am\u00e9riques de Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tribune publi\u00e9e le 12 septembre 2013 sur Lemonde.fr Quarante ans apr\u00e8s le coup d\u2019\u00c9tat du 11 septembre 1973, les nuages de poussi\u00e8re de La Moneda hantent encore les consciences. Au-del\u00e0 du sacrifice de Salvador Allende, les cendres du palais pr\u00e9sidentiel…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":524,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,94,98,40,163,95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amerique-du-sud","category-culture-fr","category-droits-de-lhomme","category-international-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-affaires-etrangeres"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019h\u00e9ritage m\u00e9diatique du Plan Condor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tribune publi\u00e9e le 12 septembre 2013 sur Lemonde.fr Quarante ans apr\u00e8s le coup d\u2019\u00c9tat du 11 septembre 1973, les nuages de poussi\u00e8re de La Moneda hantent\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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