{"id":665856,"date":"2018-06-29T04:37:26","date_gmt":"2018-06-29T03:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=665856"},"modified":"2018-06-29T04:37:26","modified_gmt":"2018-06-29T03:37:26","slug":"le-cout-de-levasion-fiscale-30-de-la-dette-de-letat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2018\/06\/le-cout-de-levasion-fiscale-30-de-la-dette-de-letat\/","title":{"rendered":"Le co\u00fbt de l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale : 30 % de la dette de l\u2019\u00c9tat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par\u00a0Michel Husson<\/b><\/p>\n

\n

Annette Alstads\u00e6ter, Niels Johannesen et Gabriel Zucman viennent de publier sur\u00a0Vox<\/a>\u00a0une synth\u00e8se de leur document de travail,\u00a0Tax Evasion and Inequality<\/i>, dont la\u00a0derni\u00e8re version<\/a>\u00a0avait \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9sum\u00e9e par Martin Anota sur\u00a0Alternatives \u00e9conomiques<\/a><\/i>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

\n

L\u2019un des r\u00e9sultats les plus spectaculaires est illustr\u00e9 par le graphique ci-dessous qui porte sur l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale dans trois pays\u00a0: Norv\u00e8ge, Su\u00e8de et Danemark. Il utilise les donn\u00e9es qui ont fuit\u00e9 avec les SwissLeaks et les Panama Papers pour montrer que l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale est massivement le fait des plus hauts revenus. Elle repr\u00e9sente plus de 30\u00a0% pour les 0,01\u00a0% des m\u00e9nages les plus ais\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Mais un autre exercice est possible \u00e0 partir de ces donn\u00e9es\u00a0: il consiste \u00e0 \u00e9valuer la r\u00e9percussion de l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale sur la\u00a0dette<\/span><\/a>\u00a0publique. A partir des\u00a0donn\u00e9es de Gabriel Zucman<\/a>\u00a0livr\u00e9es dans son livre\u00a0La richesse cach\u00e9e des nations<\/i>\u00a0publi\u00e9 en 2013, le \u00ab\u00a0Collectif pour un audit citoyen\u00a0\u00bb avait men\u00e9 cet exercice dans son rapport de 2014\u00a0:
Que faire de la dette\u00a0? Un audit de la dette publique de la France<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La conclusion de cet exercice \u00e9tait la suivante\u00a0:\u00a0
\u00ab\u00a0Si ces sommes envol\u00e9es avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9es en France depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980, la dette de l\u2019\u00c9tat serait en 2012 inf\u00e9rieure de 424 milliards d\u2019euros et ne repr\u00e9senterait que 50\u00a0% du\u00a0PIB<\/span><\/a>\u00a0au lieu de 70,8\u00a0%\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Dans la mesure o\u00f9 la dette des collectivit\u00e9s locales et de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale est peu concern\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale, le rapport pouvait affirmer que \u00ab\u00a0Le surco\u00fbt li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale peut donc \u00eatre estim\u00e9 \u00e0 30\u00a0% de la dette de l\u2019\u00c9tat\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Le rapport insistait sur l\u2019effet cumulatif\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Cet exercice permet au passage d\u2019illustrer la force des m\u00e9canismes cumulatifs de l\u2019endettement. L\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale, telle que l\u2019\u00e9value Gabriel Zucman, passe de 0,5\u00a0% des recettes de l\u2019\u00c9tat en 1978 \u00e0 environ 4\u00a0% en fin de p\u00e9riode. Cela peut sembler relativement peu, mais cette perte de recettes conduit \u00e0 une tr\u00e8s forte croissance de la dette en raison de ses effets cumulatifs sur la charge
d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Gabriel Zucman avait proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au m\u00eame exercice sur l\u2019ensemble de la dette publique avec des hypoth\u00e8ses et des donn\u00e9es l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rentes. Son estimation \u00e9tait qualitativement analogue, et m\u00eame un peu plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sans le secret bancaire, la dette publique fran\u00e7aise ne serait pas de 94\u00a0% du PIB mais de 70\u00a0%\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n



<\/p>\n

\n
\n

Auteur<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
Michel Husson\u00a0<\/span><\/a>statisticien et \u00e9conomiste fran\u00e7ais travaillant \u00e0 l\u2019Institut de recherches \u00e9conomiques et sociales, membre de la Commission d\u2019audit pour la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 sur la dette grecque depuis 2015.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

http:\/\/hussonet.free.fr\/fiscali.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Source\u00a0:\u00a0Blog de Michel Husson<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par\u00a0Michel Husson Annette Alstads\u00e6ter, Niels Johannesen et Gabriel Zucman viennent de publier sur\u00a0Vox\u00a0une synth\u00e8se de leur document de travail,\u00a0Tax Evasion and Inequality, dont la\u00a0derni\u00e8re version\u00a0avait \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9sum\u00e9e par Martin Anota sur\u00a0Alternatives \u00e9conomiques. L\u2019un des r\u00e9sultats les plus spectaculaires est illustr\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":848,"featured_media":665858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,85,40],"tags":[842,1138],"class_list":["post-665856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-europe-fr","category-international-fr","tag-dette","tag-evasion-fiscale"],"yoast_head":"\nLe co\u00fbt de l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale : 30 % de la dette de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par\u00a0Michel Husson Annette Alstads\u00e6ter, Niels Johannesen et Gabriel Zucman viennent de publier sur\u00a0Vox\u00a0une synth\u00e8se de leur document de travail,\u00a0Tax\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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