{"id":55289,"date":"2013-06-06T13:12:36","date_gmt":"2013-06-06T12:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=55289"},"modified":"2013-06-06T13:18:34","modified_gmt":"2013-06-06T12:18:34","slug":"ce-que-les-medias-de-masse-ne-nous-disent-pas-a-propos-du-soulevement-social-en-turquie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2013\/06\/ce-que-les-medias-de-masse-ne-nous-disent-pas-a-propos-du-soulevement-social-en-turquie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce que les m\u00e9dias de masse ne nous disent pas \u00e0 propos du soul\u00e8vement social en Turquie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par Librered<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019un des arguments les plus utilis\u00e9s par les plus grands m\u00e9dias occidentaux quant \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de l\u2019origine du soul\u00e8vement social dans les rues de Turquie est celui d\u2019une d\u00e9rive islamiste et autoritaire du gouvernement de <\/b>Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan.<\/b><\/p>\n

De cette mani\u00e8re, les \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9dias de masse\u00a0\u00bb concentrent toute leur attention sur l\u2019alternative islamisme-la\u00efcisme et autoritarisme-d\u00e9mocratie, ce qui m\u00e8ne \u00e0 une analyse simpliste et partielle de la vraie situation dans laquelle se trouve ce pays euroasiatique actuellement.<\/p>\n

Et pour pouvoir analyser en profondeur la r\u00e9cente r\u00e9volte populaire de villes comme Istanbul et Ankara, il faudrait \u00e9largir notre perspective et examiner \u00e0 la loupe les politiques socio-\u00e9conomiques que les pouvoirs ex\u00e9cutifs d\u00e9veloppent depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\n

Le gouvernement d\u2019Erdo\u011fan, int\u00e9gr\u00e9 par le Parti pour la justice et le d\u00e9veloppement (AKP), arrive au pouvoir en 2002 dans un contexte de crise \u00e9conomique (crise financi\u00e8re de 2001) o\u00f9 un programme de mesures \u00e0 tendance clairement n\u00e9olib\u00e9rale est convenu avec le Fond Mon\u00e9taire International (FMI), incluant la privatisation du secteur public, des r\u00e9formes sur le travail et des r\u00e9ductions sociales radicales.<\/p>\n

Un an apr\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e au gouvernement, en 2003, survient la privatisation de l\u2019entreprise publique de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications Turk Telekom [1]. L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, en 2004, les compagnies de liqueurs, les usines d\u2019acier ainsi que les compagnies a\u00e9riennes [2] sont mises en vente.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s lors s\u2019entame un processus qui ne peut pas faire machine arri\u00e8re\u00a0: en 2007, la compagnie publique de tabac turque, Tekel [3], est privatis\u00e9e. En 2008, c\u2019est au tour du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique avec la vente de deux compagnies de distribution \u00e0 Ankara et Sakarya-Kocaeli [4]. De plus, cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, la vente de la banque publique Halkbank est annonc\u00e9e, ainsi que la privatisation de 15 % des actions de Turk Telekom.<\/p>\n

En 2009, le gouvernement approuve une l\u00e9gislation visant \u00e0 donner l\u2019eau des fleuves, des lacs et des \u00e9tangs aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es. Ce qui signifie que les ressources hydriques peuvent \u00eatre transmises \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui ne contr\u00f4laient que les services de distribution [5] jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.<\/span>\u00a0De ce fait, la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration des syndicats paysans turcs, \u00c7ift\u00e7i-Sen, ainsi que plus de 100 autres forces d\u2019opposition sociale qui d\u00e9fendent la reconnaissance du droit \u00e0 l\u2019eau, ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une plateforme nomm\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Non \u00e0 la commercialisation de l\u2019eau\u00a0\u00bb et manifestent en masse le 15 mars 2009 \u00e0 Istanbul, dans le cadre du Forum Mondial de l\u2019Eau [6].<\/p>\n

En 2011, le gouvernement d\u2019Erdo\u011fan entame des n\u00e9gociations pour la privatisation [7] de 2\u00a0000 kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019autoroutes et ponts du pays. Les pouvoirs ex\u00e9cutifs turcs tentent ainsi de c\u00e9der au capital priv\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 neuf routes \u00e0 p\u00e9age et deux ponts sur le Bosphore, des voies de communication tr\u00e8s importantes dans la zone d\u2019Istanbul.<\/p>\n

Par le biais de l\u2019\u00ab\u00a0administration\u00a0des\u00a0privatisations\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0(OIB pour le sigle turc), Erdo\u011fan cherche \u00e0 mettre en avant plusieurs privatisations dans le pays, incluant les industries textile et mini\u00e8re, celles du p\u00e9trole, de l\u2019alimentation ou du transport maritime, entre autres [8].<\/p>\n

En f\u00e9vrier de cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, 10\u00a0000 personnes manifestent dans le centre d\u2019Ankara contre la r\u00e9forme du gouvernement sur le travail. Parmi ces mesures, ils font ressortir celle de la r\u00e9duction du salaire minimum pour les jeunes, la possibilit\u00e9 de mutation des fonctionnaires et l\u2019embauche de salari\u00e9s sans protection sociale [9].<\/p>\n

La majorit\u00e9 des personnes pr\u00e9sentes reprennent en ch\u0153ur \u00ab\u00a0On est \u00e0 Ankara, pas au Caire\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Tayyip, c\u2019est ton tour\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Tayyip, on te souhaite une fin aussi joyeuse que celle de Moubarak\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Les directives n\u00e9olib\u00e9rales appliqu\u00e9es au cours de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une hausse des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales dans le pays. Selon le magazine Forbes, la ville d\u2019Istanbul, centre financier de Turquie, comptait 35 multimillionnaires en mars 2008 (contre 25 en 2007), la pla\u00e7ant en 4\u00e8me<\/sup> position dans le monde. Un rapport sur les entrepreneurs int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par l\u2019investissement en Turquie, \u00e9labor\u00e9 par la banque espagnole Banesto, assure que \u00ab\u00a0le pays est marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019existence de fortes in\u00e9galit\u00e9s des revenus\u00a0\u00bb [10]. Beaucoup de salari\u00e9s turcs ne gagnent pas au-dessus du salaire minimum d\u2019environ 570 dollars, et le revenu par t\u00eate correspond \u00e0 presque la moiti\u00e9 des revenus moyens en Europe.<\/p>\n

Cet ensemble de facteurs peut probablement aider \u00e0 expliquer le malaise social qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des conflits toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9 en Turquie, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019approche lib\u00e9rale que pr\u00e9tend adopter la presse occidentale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]\u00a0http:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/2003\/11\/12\/economia\/1068591610_850215.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]\u00a0http:\/\/spanish.peopledaily.com.cn\/spanish\/200402\/12\/sp20040212_72471.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]\u00a0http:\/\/www.icex.es\/icex\/cda\/controller\/pageICEX\/0,6558,5518394_5519005_5604470_599968_0_-1,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0http:\/\/www.hispanatolia.com\/seccion\/2\/list,true\/id,2119\/turquia-iniciara-la-privatizacion-de-su-red-electrica-a-finales-de-abril<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0http:\/\/www.tni.org\/es\/article\/el-gobierno-de-turquia-preve-una-drastica-privatizacion-del-agua-antes-del-foro-mundial-del#4a<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0http:\/\/www.eurovia.org\/spip.php?article67&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]\u00a0http:\/\/www.cincodias.com\/articulo\/empresas\/turquia-inicia-privatizacion-2000-kilometros-autopistas\/20110830cdscdiemp_16\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]\u00a0http:\/\/www.oib.gov.tr\/index_eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]\u00a0http:\/\/www.abc.es\/agencias\/noticia.asp?noticia=677519<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]\u00a0http:\/\/comercioexterior.banesto.es\/es\/elija-su-mercado-objetivo\/perfiles-de-paises\/turquia\/economia<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduction de l\u2019espagnol\u00a0: Eva Delacoute<\/p>\n

Source :\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.librered.net\/?p=27218<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Librered L\u2019un des arguments les plus utilis\u00e9s par les plus grands m\u00e9dias occidentaux quant \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de l\u2019origine du soul\u00e8vement social dans les rues de Turquie est celui d\u2019une d\u00e9rive islamiste et autoritaire du gouvernement de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":55291,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,98,85,40,93],"tags":[5293,5290,5291,5292,5294,997],"class_list":["post-55289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia-fr","category-droits-de-lhomme","category-europe-fr","category-international-fr","category-politique","tag-coupures-sociales","tag-istanbul-fr","tag-privatisations","tag-recep-tayip-erdogan","tag-revolte-populaire","tag-turquie"],"yoast_head":"\nCe que les m\u00e9dias de masse ne nous disent pas \u00e0 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