{"id":413357,"date":"2016-12-25T00:36:08","date_gmt":"2016-12-25T00:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=413357"},"modified":"2019-07-28T19:30:59","modified_gmt":"2019-07-28T18:30:59","slug":"lassemblee-generale-de-lonu-approuve-la-resolution-historique-sur-les-armes-nucleaires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2016\/12\/lassemblee-generale-de-lonu-approuve-la-resolution-historique-sur-les-armes-nucleaires\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l’ONU approuve la r\u00e9solution historique sur les armes nucl\u00e9aires"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des\u00a0Nations Unies a\u00a0approuv\u00e9 aujourd’hui une r\u00e9solution<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0historique\u00a0pour lancer les\u00a0n\u00e9gociations en 2017 sur un trait\u00e9 interdisant les\u00a0armes nucl\u00e9aires.\u00a0Le vote fait\u00a0suite \u00e0\u00a0une\u00a0d\u00e9cision<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0du 27 octobre 2016 par la Premi\u00e8re Commission de l’Assembl\u00e9e G\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u2013 qui traite les questions de\u00a0d\u00e9sarmement et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationale \u2013 pour commencer \u00e0\u00a0travailler sur ce nouveau trait\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 la fervente opposition de certains pays dot\u00e9s d’armes nucl\u00e9aires.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9solution a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e par une large majorit\u00e9, 113<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c9tats membres de l’ONU ont\u00a0vot\u00e9 en faveur,\u00a035<\/strong>\u00a0contre et\u00a013<\/strong>\u00a0abstentions.\u00a0Le plus fort soutien venait des pays d’Afrique, d’Am\u00e9rique Latine, des Cara\u00efbes, d’Asie du\u00a0Sud Est et du Pacifique.\u00a0Un groupe inter-r\u00e9gional comprenant l’Autriche, le\u00a0Br\u00e9sil, l’Irlande, le\u00a0Mexique, le\u00a0Nigeria et l’Afrique du\u00a0Sud est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la r\u00e9solution et est susceptible de conduire les n\u00e9gociations de l’an prochain.<\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but de cette semaine, lors d’une r\u00e9union du comit\u00e9 de budget de l’ONU, les \u00c9tats-Unis ont attir\u00e9 la col\u00e8re des autres nations quand ils se sont\u00a0 oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 une demande de financement pour les quatre semaines pr\u00e9vues de n\u00e9gociations sur le trait\u00e9, qui se tiendront au si\u00e8ge de l’ONU \u00e0 New York.\u00a0Mais sous la pression intense de la part des partisans du d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire, le comit\u00e9 a finalement retir\u00e9 son objection, et a autoris\u00e9 la demande.<\/p>\n

Dans une fuite de\u00a0documents<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0distribu\u00e9s \u00e0 tous les\u00a0membres de l’OTAN en octobre 2016 avant la d\u00e9cision de la Premi\u00e8re Commission, les \u00c9tats-Unis \u2013 qui poss\u00e8dent quelques 7\u00a0000 armes nucl\u00e9aires \u2013 ont\u00a0exhort\u00e9 leurs alli\u00e9s \u00e0 s\u2019opposer \u00e0\u00a0la r\u00e9solution et \u00e0 boycotter les n\u00e9gociations, craignant que le trait\u00e9 ne d\u00e9t\u00e9riore la perception que les\u00a0armes nucl\u00e9aires sont l\u00e9gitimes pour certaines nations et rende plus difficile pour l’OTAN de\u00a0se livrer \u00e0 la\u00a0planification d\u2019une guerre nucl\u00e9aire.<\/p>\n

Un certain nombre d\u2019alli\u00e9s proches des \u00c9tats-Unis, qui ont vot\u00e9 contre la r\u00e9solution ou se sont abstenus, ont indiqu\u00e9 leur intention de participer aux n\u00e9gociations de toute fa\u00e7on, afin d’aider \u00e0 fa\u00e7onner le trait\u00e9.\u00a0Par exemple, les Pays-Bas, qui h\u00e9bergent des armes nucl\u00e9aires sur leur\u00a0 territoire et qui se sont abstenus de voter, ont confirm\u00e9 qu’ils prendront part, et le ministre des Affaires \u00c9trang\u00e8res du Japon, en d\u00e9pit de la r\u00e9solution adverse, veut que son pays y participe.<\/p>\n

La Campagne internationale pour l’abolition des armes nucl\u00e9aires (ICAN) exhorte tous les pays \u00e0 y prendre part.\u00a0\u00abChaque nation a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 ce que les armes nucl\u00e9aires ne soient jamais utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 nouveau, ce qui ne peut \u00eatre garanti que par leur compl\u00e8te \u00e9limination.\u00a0Nous appelons tous les gouvernements \u00e0 se joindre aux n\u00e9gociations de l’ann\u00e9e prochaine et \u00e0\u00a0 travailler pour parvenir \u00e0 un trait\u00e9 solide et efficace \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Beatrice Fihn, Directeur ex\u00e9cutif de l\u2019ICAN.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ICAN a\u00a0soulign\u00e9 que les\u00a0n\u00e9gociations<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0devraient se\u00a0d\u00e9rouler avec ou sans l\u2019accord de participation des\u00a0nations dot\u00e9es d’armes nucl\u00e9aires. \u00abEn principe, les\u00a0armes qui frappent sans discrimination et sont destin\u00e9es \u00e0 causer un\u00a0pr\u00e9judice humanitaire catastrophique devraient \u00eatre interdites en\u00a0vertu du\u00a0droit international.\u00a0Ce nouveau trait\u00e9 va placer les\u00a0armes nucl\u00e9aires sur la m\u00eame base juridique que les autres armes de destruction massive \u00bb, a\u00a0d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Fihn.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous croyons que, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa force normative, le trait\u00e9 d’interdiction des armes nucl\u00e9aires aura une incidence sur le comportement des nations dot\u00e9es d’armes nucl\u00e9aires, m\u00eame si elles refusent de le rejoindre.\u00a0Il sera \u00e9galement influent sur le comportement d’un grand nombre de leurs alli\u00e9s qui demandent actuellement la protection contre les armes nucl\u00e9aires, y compris les pays d\u2019Europe qui en re\u00e7oivent sur leur territoire.\u00a0Il contribuera de mani\u00e8re significative \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d’un monde exempt d’armes nucl\u00e9aires \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Les n\u00e9gociations seront divis\u00e9es en deux sessions, du 27 au 31 Mars et du 15 Juin au 7 Juillet.\u00a0L\u2019ICAN envisage d’envoyer une importante d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de militants pour les deux sessions.\u00a0La campagne exhorte les gouvernements \u00e0 faire tous les efforts pour conclure le trait\u00e9 d’ici la fin des quatre semaines de n\u00e9gociations, tenant\u00a0 compte que beaucoup de travail pr\u00e9paratoire a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 fait, y compris par un groupe de travail des Nations Unies r\u00e9uni \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve cette ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le trait\u00e9 est susceptible d’inclure des dispositions similaires \u00e0 celles pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sur les trait\u00e9s existants interdisant les armes biologiques, les armes chimiques, les mines antipersonnel et les armes \u00e0 sous-munitions.\u00a0Ceux-ci comprennent l’interdiction de l’utilisation, le d\u00e9veloppement, la production, l’acquisition, le stockage, la conservation et le transfert, ainsi que l’assistance, l\u2019encouragement ou l\u2019incitation \u00e0 la personne de se livrer \u00e0 l’une de ces activit\u00e9s interdites.<\/p>\n

Les n\u00e9gociations multilat\u00e9rales pour le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire sont dans l’impasse depuis deux d\u00e9cennies, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les neuf pays dot\u00e9s d’armes nucl\u00e9aires ont investi massivement dans la modernisation de leurs forces nucl\u00e9aires.\u00a0Des propositions alternatives pour faire avancer un monde exempt d’armes nucl\u00e9aires ont \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 gagner du terrain ou \u00e0 produire des r\u00e9sultats.\u00a0La majorit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats membres de l’ONU voit le trait\u00e9 d’interdiction d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires comme la voie la plus viable et prometteuse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des\u00a0Nations Unies a\u00a0approuv\u00e9 aujourd’hui une r\u00e9solution\u00a0historique\u00a0pour lancer les\u00a0n\u00e9gociations en 2017 sur un trait\u00e9 interdisant les\u00a0armes nucl\u00e9aires.\u00a0Le vote fait\u00a0suite \u00e0\u00a0une\u00a0d\u00e9cision\u00a0du 27 octobre 2016 par la Premi\u00e8re Commission de l’Assembl\u00e9e G\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u2013 qui traite les questions de\u00a0d\u00e9sarmement et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1000,"featured_media":413389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,11386,1250],"tags":[3405,33805,3785,46791],"class_list":["post-413357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communique-de-presse","category-contenu-original","category-paix-desarmement","tag-armes-nucleaires","tag-assemblee-generale-des-nations-unies","tag-ican-fr","tag-traite-sur-linterdiction-des-armes-nucleaires"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'ONU approuve la r\u00e9solution historique sur les armes nucl\u00e9aires<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des\u00a0Nations Unies a\u00a0approuv\u00e9 aujourd'hui une r\u00e9solution\u00a0historique\u00a0pour lancer les\u00a0n\u00e9gociations en 2017 sur un trait\u00e9 interdisant\" 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