{"id":393562,"date":"2016-11-05T21:54:17","date_gmt":"2016-11-05T21:54:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=393562"},"modified":"2016-11-05T21:55:11","modified_gmt":"2016-11-05T21:55:11","slug":"catastrophe-environnementale-au-chili-le-gouvernement-sacrifie-chiloe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2016\/11\/catastrophe-environnementale-au-chili-le-gouvernement-sacrifie-chiloe\/","title":{"rendered":"Catastrophe environnementale au Chili : le gouvernement a sacrifi\u00e9 Chilo\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s quatre mois d\u2019enqu\u00eate, Greenpeace a publi\u00e9 son rapport d\u2019analyse sur la\u00a0catastrophe environnementale de l\u2019\u00eele de Chilo\u00e9<\/a>, au Chili. Conclusion : le gouvernement chilien a trahi Chilo\u00e9 en autorisant l\u2019industrie salmonicole \u00e0 polluer la mer, compromettant ainsi les moyens de subsistance des communaut\u00e9s locales et l\u2019habitat d\u2019esp\u00e8ces uniques.<\/h4>\n

Les saumons en d\u00e9composition, \u00ab catalyseurs \u00bb de la crise<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Si, comme le montrent les donn\u00e9es satellite, des nappes d\u2019algues toxiques \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes dans la zone d\u00e9but 2016, le d\u00e9versement de saumons en d\u00e9composition a jou\u00e9 le r\u00f4le de \u00ab catalyseur \u00bb en augmentant l\u2019\u00e9tendue et l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de ces nappes.<\/p>\n

Les saumons en d\u00e9composition produisent de l\u2019ammonium (NH4) en grande quantit\u00e9. Or il se trouve que cette mol\u00e9cule est l\u2019aliment pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 des algues toxiques \u00e0 l\u2019origine des mar\u00e9es rouges. Le d\u00e9versement de 5000 tonnes de saumons pourris a donc stimul\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement de ces micro-organismes toxiques.<\/p>\n

Vous pouvez t\u00e9l\u00e9charger la totalit\u00e9 du rapport d\u2019enqu\u00eate\u00a0ici<\/a>\u00a0(en espagnol).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"De
De mai \u00e0 ao\u00fbt, des \u00e9quipes de Greenpeace ont rassembl\u00e9 et analys\u00e9 des \u00e9chantillons d\u2019eau, des donn\u00e9es de la NASA, des images satellite, des informations fournies par les autorit\u00e9s et des t\u00e9moignages d\u2019habitants de l\u2019\u00eele.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le gouvernement savait mais a ferm\u00e9 les yeux<\/h2>\n

Le gouvernement a d\u00e9cid\u00e9, en moins de 24 heures, d\u2019autoriser les centres d\u2019\u00e9levage \u00e0 d\u00e9verser en mer 9000 tonnes de saumons en d\u00e9composition (sur lesquelles 5000 ont effectivement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9vers\u00e9es).<\/p>\n

Pourtant, les autorit\u00e9s savaient que des algues toxiques prolif\u00e9raient d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans la r\u00e9gion \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0. Elles auraient donc d\u00fb analyser les effets qu\u2019auraient ces d\u00e9versements sur les algues, l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me marin ainsi que la population de l\u2019\u00eele dont les ressources d\u00e9pendent de la p\u00eache. De plus, les habitants de l\u2019archipel n\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ni inform\u00e9s ni consult\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

En autorisant ces d\u00e9versements dans une zone o\u00f9 les algues toxiques \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sentes, les autorit\u00e9s n\u2019ont fait qu\u2019empirer la situation.<\/p>\n

Une industrie hors de contr\u00f4le<\/h2>\n

La salmonicutlure n\u2019est pas sans impact sur l\u2019environnement. L\u2019utilisation massive d\u2019antibiotiques et de produits chimiques pour pr\u00e9venir ou traiter les maladies du saumon, mais aussi l\u2019alimentation des saumons (il faut 3 kg de poisson pour produire 1 kg de saumon) et les d\u00e9jections des saumons sont autant de facteurs qui p\u00e8sent sur l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me et modifient la composition de la colonne d\u2019eau, favorisant le d\u00e9veloppement des micro-algues responsables des mar\u00e9es rouges.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gion de Chilo\u00e9 est particuli\u00e8rement concern\u00e9e, puisque le nombre de concessions salmonicoles a explos\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, comme le montre cette illustration.<\/p>\n

\"img1\"\"img2\"<\/div>\n

(source : rapport d\u2019enqu\u00eate de Greenpeace Chili)<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le gouvernement a agi dans la pr\u00e9cipitation pour pr\u00e9server les int\u00e9r\u00eats de l\u2019industrie de la salmoniculture, sacrifiant l\u2019\u00eele et utilisant la mer comme une poubelle. Ce qui est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 Chilo\u00e9 ne doit jamais se reproduire \u00bb<\/em>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mat\u00edas As\u00fan, directeur de Greenpeace Chili, devant la Commission environnementale du S\u00e9nat chilien, o\u00f9 il \u00e9tait invit\u00e9 le mois dernier \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter les r\u00e9sultats des analyses de Greenpeace.<\/p>\n

Greenpeace Chili continue de demander au gouvernement chilien de prendre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour garantir que cette catastrophe soit la derni\u00e8re.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s quatre mois d\u2019enqu\u00eate, Greenpeace a publi\u00e9 son rapport d\u2019analyse sur la\u00a0catastrophe environnementale de l\u2019\u00eele de Chilo\u00e9, au Chili. Conclusion : le gouvernement chilien a trahi Chilo\u00e9 en autorisant l\u2019industrie salmonicole \u00e0 polluer la mer, compromettant ainsi les moyens de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":463,"featured_media":393566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,97,40],"tags":[32334,32336,27789,32337,32335],"class_list":["post-393562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-du-sud","category-environnement-et-ecologie","category-international-fr","tag-algues-toxiques","tag-catastrophe-environnementale","tag-greenpeace-chili","tag-lile-de-chiloe","tag-maladies-du-saumon"],"yoast_head":"\nCatastrophe environnementale au Chili : le gouvernement a sacrifi\u00e9 Chilo\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s quatre mois d\u2019enqu\u00eate, Greenpeace a publi\u00e9 son rapport d\u2019analyse sur la\u00a0catastrophe environnementale de l\u2019\u00eele de Chilo\u00e9, au Chili. 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