{"id":389414,"date":"2016-10-29T05:55:10","date_gmt":"2016-10-29T04:55:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=389414"},"modified":"2019-07-28T19:33:18","modified_gmt":"2019-07-28T18:33:18","slug":"reponses-aux-mythes-traite-dinterdiction-armes-nucleaires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2016\/10\/reponses-aux-mythes-traite-dinterdiction-armes-nucleaires\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9ponses aux mythes sur un trait\u00e9 d’interdiction des armes nucl\u00e9aires"},"content":{"rendered":"

On peut entendre de nombreux mythes sur un trait\u00e9 pour interdire les armes nucl\u00e9aires. A l\u2019occasion du d\u00e9bat de la Premi\u00e8re Commission de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU o\u00f9 une r\u00e9solution \u00e0 ce propos est d\u00e9battue, ICAN s\u2019attaque aux huit mythes les plus courants.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1er Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est irr\u00e9aliste.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
    \n
  • Un document juridiquement contraignant pour interdire les armes nucl\u00e9aires peut \u00eatre n\u00e9goci\u00e9 \u00e0 tout moment par les \u00c9tats int\u00e9ress\u00e9s. Son succ\u00e8s ne d\u00e9pend pas du soutient et de la participation d\u2019un \u00c9tat ou d\u2019un groupe d\u2019\u00c9tats en particulier.<\/li>\n
  • La grande majorit\u00e9 des \u00c9tats ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 ce qu\u2019une conf\u00e9rence se tienne en 2017 pour n\u00e9gocier un tel instrument juridique. La Premi\u00e8re Commission examine \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent un projet de r\u00e9solution pour \u00e9tablir un tel mandat de n\u00e9gociation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    2e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Cela porterait atteinte au Trait\u00e9 de non-prolif\u00e9ration.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
      \n
    • L\u2019article VI du Trait\u00e9 de non-prolif\u00e9ration (TNP) requiert que tous les \u00c9tats membres s\u2019engagent \u00e0 poursuivre des n\u00e9gociations de bonne foi pour le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire. L\u2019interdiction des armes nucl\u00e9aires aiderait \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre cette disposition cl\u00e9 du trait\u00e9. Tout comme le Trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction compl\u00e8te des essais nucl\u00e9aires, ce futur trait\u00e9 viendrait compl\u00e9ter le TNP.<\/li>\n
    • La menace majeure pour l\u2019avenir du TNP est la poursuite des investissements \u00e9conomiques dans les armes nucl\u00e9aires et le refus des \u00c9tats poss\u00e9dant des forces nucl\u00e9aires comme de leurs alli\u00e9s de prendre des mesures significatives pour mettre fin \u00e0 leur d\u00e9pendance aux armes nucl\u00e9aires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      3e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Les conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ne sont pas appropri\u00e9es.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
        \n
      • L\u2019\u00e9tat actuel de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationale prouve d\u2019autant plus que le progr\u00e8s dans le domaine du d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire est crucial et urgent. L\u2019objectif m\u00eame d\u2019un trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction est de cr\u00e9er les conditions favorables au d\u00e9sarmement et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/li>\n
      • L\u2019obligation de poursuivre les efforts de d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire du TNP n\u2019est pas conditionn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019existence de conditions \u00ab\u00a0favorables\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 un environnement s\u00e9curitaire.<\/li>\n
      • Il est illogique d\u2019attendre la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un monde exempt d\u2019arme nucl\u00e9aire, ou l\u2019atteinte d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0point de minimalisation\u00a0\u00bb (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire lorsqu\u2019il y aura tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires), pour commencer les n\u00e9gociations sur l\u2019interdiction de ces armes. Le droit a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 pour favoriser le changement et non pas pour confirmer qu\u2019un probl\u00e8me a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        4e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Il sera impossible de v\u00e9rifier et d\u2019assurer l\u2019application du trait\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
          \n
        • Tel que not\u00e9 par le groupe de travail de l\u2019ONU sur le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire, le trait\u00e9 propos\u00e9 serait une mesure int\u00e9rimaire ou partielle. Les m\u00e9canismes pour v\u00e9rifier la destruction des ogives nucl\u00e9aires seront n\u00e9goci\u00e9s ult\u00e9rieurement.<\/li>\n
        • \u00c0 cet effet, un document juridiquement contraignant pour interdire les armes nucl\u00e9aires serait diff\u00e9rent d\u2019une convention g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur les armes nucl\u00e9aires. Ce trait\u00e9 ne chercherait pas \u00e0 \u00e9tablir d\u00e8s maintenant le cadre de travail complet pour atteindre l\u2019\u00e9limination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          5e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Ce trait\u00e9 ne serait pas suffisamment d\u00e9taill\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
            \n
          • Les \u00c9tats poss\u00e9dant des armes nucl\u00e9aires ont eu de nombreuses opportunit\u00e9s de n\u00e9gocier une convention g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur les armes nucl\u00e9aires, que ce soit \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9rence du d\u00e9sarmement ou ailleurs. D\u2019ailleurs, plusieurs s\u2019opposent \u00e0 un tel plan d\u2019action.<\/li>\n
          • Les \u00c9tats non dot\u00e9s d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires peuvent continuer de plaider en faveur d\u2019une convention sur les armes nucl\u00e9aires tout en soutenant l\u2019ouverture imm\u00e9diate de n\u00e9gociations sur un trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction plus limit\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            6e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Cela d\u00e9tournerait l\u2019attention des autres initiatives.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
              \n
            • Les n\u00e9gociations pour un trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction sur les armes nucl\u00e9aires peuvent coexister avec d\u2019autres initiatives ayant pour objectif de faire progresser le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire, tel que le trait\u00e9 propos\u00e9 depuis longtemps pour arr\u00eater la production de mati\u00e8res fissiles.<\/li>\n
            • Des n\u00e9gociations multilat\u00e9rales pour le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire sont dans une impasse depuis plus de deux d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 cause de l\u2019opposition des \u00c9tats disposant d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires. Poursuivre l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction pourrait d\u00e9nouer cette impasse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              7e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Cela n\u2019aurait aucun effet.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                \n
              • Un trait\u00e9 qui interdirait les armes nucl\u00e9aires contribuerait \u00e0 la stigmatisation progressive des armes nucl\u00e9aires. L\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u00e9montre que l\u2019interdiction d\u2019un type d\u2019arme pr\u00e9cis stimule le progr\u00e8s vers son \u00e9limination.<\/li>\n
              • \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 la forte opposition publique aux armes nucl\u00e9aires dans la plupart des \u00c9tats, il semble probable que beaucoup d\u2019\u00c9tats qui pr\u00e9tendent \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0protection\u00a0\u00bb des armes nucl\u00e9aires sont susceptibles de finalement signer le trait\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n
              • La forte r\u00e9sistance de certains \u00c9tats disposant d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 un tel trait\u00e9 sugg\u00e8re que cela aurait un impact significatif sur leurs politiques et leurs pratiques militaires, et ce m\u00eame s\u2019ils d\u00e9cident de ne pas adh\u00e9rer au trait\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                8e Mythe : \u00ab\u00a0Les \u00c9tats dot\u00e9s d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires doivent \u00eatre impliqu\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/h5>\n
                  \n
                • Il est vrai que la participation des \u00c9tats disposant d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires est indispensable dans les n\u00e9gociations pour la destruction des arsenaux nucl\u00e9aires. Cependant, les \u00c9tats non dot\u00e9s d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires peuvent tr\u00e8s bien aller de l\u2019avant sans le soutient imm\u00e9diat des \u00c9tats disposant d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires et n\u00e9gocier un trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction qui renforce la norme internationale contre les armes nucl\u00e9aires.<\/li>\n
                • Les \u00c9tats disposant d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires ont depuis longtemps \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre aux s\u00e9rieux leurs obligations. Nous ne pouvons pas nous permettre d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 la merci d\u2019une minorit\u00e9 r\u00e9ticente \u00e0 de telles initiatives. Il est temps que les \u00c9tats sans armes nucl\u00e9aires prennent le contr\u00f4le de la situation et d\u00e9butent les n\u00e9gociations d\u2019un trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction.<\/li>\n
                • Si les \u00c9tats disposant d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires refusent de participer aux n\u00e9gociations, l\u2019objectif sera effectivement de les convaincre de se joindre au trait\u00e9, et ce quand ils se seront mis d\u2019accord sur un d\u00e9sarmement \u00e9quilibr\u00e9. Le trait\u00e9 d\u2019interdiction devra alors \u00eatre enrichi par plusieurs accords compl\u00e9mentaires, incluant des mesures de v\u00e9rification de la destruction des stocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  On peut entendre de nombreux mythes sur un trait\u00e9 pour interdire les armes nucl\u00e9aires. A l\u2019occasion du d\u00e9bat de la Premi\u00e8re Commission de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU o\u00f9 une r\u00e9solution \u00e0 ce propos est d\u00e9battue, ICAN s\u2019attaque aux huit mythes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1000,"featured_media":390124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,163,1250],"tags":[46791],"class_list":["post-389414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-paix-desarmement","tag-traite-sur-linterdiction-des-armes-nucleaires"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9ponses aux mythes sur un trait\u00e9 d'interdiction des armes nucl\u00e9aires<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On peut entendre de nombreux mythes sur un trait\u00e9 pour interdire les armes nucl\u00e9aires. 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