{"id":355065,"date":"2016-08-19T21:25:55","date_gmt":"2016-08-19T20:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=355065"},"modified":"2016-08-19T21:25:55","modified_gmt":"2016-08-19T20:25:55","slug":"echapper-double-jeu-traite-non-proliferation-armes-nucleaires-tnp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2016\/08\/echapper-double-jeu-traite-non-proliferation-armes-nucleaires-tnp\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chapper au double jeu du\u00a0Trait\u00e9 sur la non-prolif\u00e9ration des armes nucl\u00e9aires (TNP)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Texte prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve le 16 ao\u00fbt 2016 par Jean-Marie Matagne, pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Action des Citoyens pour le D\u00e9sarmement Nucl\u00e9aire (ACDN), devant l\u2019assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s des gouvernements et des ONG participant au Groupe de Travail de l\u2019ONU pour l\u2019avancement des n\u00e9gociations sur le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire multilat\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Introduction<\/strong>
\nSouvent on reproche au TNP (Trait\u00e9 sur la non-prolif\u00e9ration des armes nucl\u00e9aires ) de ne pas avoir atteint ses objectifs, puisque l\u2019article 6 n\u2019est toujours pas respect\u00e9 46 ans apr\u00e8s son entr\u00e9e en vigueur, 48 ans apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9. C\u2019est une grande injustice. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le TNP a parfaitement r\u00e9alis\u00e9 les objectifs de ses r\u00e9dacteurs. Car que voulaient les Etats-Unis, l\u2019Union Sovi\u00e9tique et le Royaume-Uni en 1968\u00a0? Fermer derri\u00e8re eux la porte du \u00ab\u00a0club nucl\u00e9aire\u00a0\u00bb, emp\u00eacher d\u2019autres Etats d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir des bombes atomiques. Mais conserver les leurs.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est exactement ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9, ann\u00e9e apr\u00e8s ann\u00e9e, depuis bient\u00f4t un demi-si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Le TNP, moyen de perp\u00e9tuer les armes nucl\u00e9aires de certains Etats et de pr\u00e9server leur monopole<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Dans ce march\u00e9 de dupes, les Etats dot\u00e9s d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires ont fait aux autres Etats deux promesses\u00a0:
    \nD\u2019abord, la promesse de leur fournir l\u2019acc\u00e8s au nucl\u00e9aire civil, qui pouvait leur rapporter gros, et qui faisait oublier que le seul vrai motif de d\u00e9velopper l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire, le motif premier, ce n\u2019est pas de faire bouillir de l\u2019eau pour produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, c\u2019\u00e9tait et cela reste, pour les Etats dot\u00e9s d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires, de fabriquer des bombes et d\u2019en garder le monopole.
    \nEnsuite, une promesse de d\u00e9sarmement qui ne leur co\u00fbtait pas cher car ils n\u2019avaient aucune intention de la r\u00e9aliser.<\/p>\n

    Ils ont tenu la premi\u00e8re promesse d\u2019autant plus volontiers qu\u2019elle leur permettait de faire des affaires en vendant leur technologie nucl\u00e9aire, tout en augmentant la d\u00e9pendance technologique et politique des Etats acheteurs \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard. Moyennant quoi ils ont empoisonn\u00e9 la plan\u00e8te\u00a0: Mayak, Three Mile Island, Tchernobyl, Fukushima, et demain peut-\u00eatre Fessenheim ou Flamanville en France.<\/p>\n

    Ils n\u2019ont pas tenu leur deuxi\u00e8me promesse, d\u2019autant plus facilement que les autres parties voulaient y croire, sans jamais oser leur r\u00e9clamer des comptes.<\/p>\n

    Le TNP, dit-on, repose sur trois piliers\u00a0:
    \n1. le droit de tous les Etats \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire dans ses usages pacifiques\u00a0;
    \n2. l\u2019interdiction de se procurer des armes nucl\u00e9aires pour les Etats qui n\u2019en ont pas\u00a0;
    \n3. et pour ceux qui en ont, la promesse d\u2019\u00e9liminer leurs arsenaux.
    \nBref\u00a0: promotion du nucl\u00e9aire civil, non-prolif\u00e9ration, d\u00e9sarmement.<\/p>\n

    Mais les Etats non nucl\u00e9aires peuvent bien s\u2019arcbouter pour maintenir debout le pilier du d\u00e9sarmement, qui menace ruine en permanence, ce qui importe uniquement aux Etats nucl\u00e9aires, ce sont les deux autres piliers. Pour eux, le d\u00e9sarmement n\u2019est qu\u2019un pilier en trompe-l\u2019\u0153il, \u00e0 l\u2019usage des na\u00effs.<\/p>\n

    On peut dire que le nucl\u00e9aire civil et le nucl\u00e9aire militaire sont \u00ab\u00a0comme cul et chemise\u00a0\u00bb. La chemise civile sert \u00e0 cacher le fondement militaire. C\u2019est pourquoi, si vous voulez vous d\u00e9barrasser de l\u2019un, il faut aussi vous d\u00e9barrasser de l\u2019autre. Ce que nous devons vouloir, c\u2019est un monde lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de toutes ses armes ET de toutes ses centrales nucl\u00e9aires. S\u2019il n\u2019est pas affranchi des unes, il ne le sera pas non plus des autres. Et l\u2019humanit\u00e9 finira par s\u2019\u00e9teindre, soit \u00e0 petit feu, \u00e0 cause de la radioactivit\u00e9 diffus\u00e9e par les centrales et leurs accidents \u00e0 r\u00e9p\u00e9tition, soit \u00e0 feu violent dans une catastrophe nucl\u00e9aire militaire. Et peut-\u00eatre les deux \u00e0 la fois, car les centrales nucl\u00e9aires forment aussi, avec les cit\u00e9s, de tr\u00e8s belles cibles militaires\u2026<\/p>\n

    III. Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tant que l\u2019humanit\u00e9 ne sera pas lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de l\u2019hypocrisie du TNP, elle restera menac\u00e9e dans sa propre survie. Et le seul moyen pour les peuples du monde de s\u2019en lib\u00e9rer, d\u2019affirmer leur droit \u00e0 la survie (Cf.<\/em> A\/AC286\/NGO28, L\u2019ONU doit proclamer le droit des peuples \u00e0 la survie<\/a>), c\u2019est de ne plus faire d\u00e9pendre l\u2019abolition des armes nucl\u00e9aires du bon vouloir des Etats dot\u00e9s de ces armes \u00e0 appliquer l\u2019article 6 du TNP. C\u2019est de la leur imposer en les pla\u00e7ant au ban de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, par un trait\u00e9 interdisant express\u00e9ment ces armes criminelles.<\/p>\n

    Il ne s\u2019agit de rien d\u2019autre que de traduire en un instrument juridique pr\u00e9ventif et contraignant la R\u00e9solution 1653 XVI de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU du 24 novembre 1961 (A\/RES\/1653 (XVI), 24 novembre 1961)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tout Etat qui emploie des armes nucl\u00e9aires et thermonucl\u00e9aires doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme violant la Charte des Nations Unies, agissant au m\u00e9pris des lois de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 et commettant un crime contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9 et la civilisation.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Texte prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve le 16 ao\u00fbt 2016 par Jean-Marie Matagne, pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Action des Citoyens pour le D\u00e9sarmement Nucl\u00e9aire (ACDN), devant l\u2019assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s des gouvernements et des ONG participant au Groupe de Travail de l\u2019ONU pour l\u2019avancement…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":850,"featured_media":355066,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,40,1250],"tags":[6675,27085],"class_list":["post-355065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communique-de-presse","category-international-fr","category-paix-desarmement","tag-tnp-fr","tag-traite-sur-la-non-proliferation-des-armes-nucleaires"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c9chapper au double jeu du\u00a0Trait\u00e9 sur la non-prolif\u00e9ration des armes nucl\u00e9aires 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