{"id":32433,"date":"2013-01-10T05:57:53","date_gmt":"2013-01-10T05:57:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=32433"},"modified":"2016-04-28T10:27:46","modified_gmt":"2016-04-28T09:27:46","slug":"amnesty-demande-a-obama-de-tenir-leurs-promesses-sur-guantanamo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2013\/01\/amnesty-demande-a-obama-de-tenir-leurs-promesses-sur-guantanamo\/","title":{"rendered":"Amnesty demande \u00e0 Obama de tenir leurs promesses sur Guantanamo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Barack Obama doit revoir la promesse qu\u2019il a faite en 2009 de fermer le centre de d\u00e9tention de Guant\u00e1namo et engager cette fois-ci les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer les d\u00e9tenus ou \u00e0 les juger de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Amnesty International \u00e0 l\u2019approche du 11e\u00a0anniversaire des premiers transferts de d\u00e9tenus vers la base navale am\u00e9ricaine situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Cuba et quelques jours seulement avant la r\u00e9investiture du pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n

\n

Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Barack Obama doit revoir la promesse qu\u2019il a faite en 2009 de fermer le centre de d\u00e9tention de Guant\u00e1namo et engager cette fois-ci les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer les d\u00e9tenus ou \u00e0 les juger de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Amnesty International \u00e0 l\u2019approche du 11e\u00a0anniversaire des premiers transferts de d\u00e9tenus vers la base navale am\u00e9ricaine situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Cuba et quelques jours seulement avant la r\u00e9investiture du pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, 166\u00a0hommes sont toujours enferm\u00e9s \u00e0 Guant\u00e1namo \u2013\u00a0sur les 779\u00a0qui y ont s\u00e9journ\u00e9 depuis 2002, dans la plupart des cas pendant des ann\u00e9es, sans inculpation ni jugement.<\/p>\n

Sept hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9s coupables par une commission militaire, dont cinq sur la base d\u2019accords pass\u00e9s avant le proc\u00e8s aux termes desquels ils ont plaid\u00e9 coupable en \u00e9change de la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Six prisonniers pourraient \u00eatre condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 mort, apr\u00e8s avoir comparu devant des commissions militaires qui ne respectent pas les normes internationales relatives \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 des proc\u00e8s. Tous les six ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de disparitions forc\u00e9es avant d\u2019\u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 Guant\u00e1namo et, entre autres violences, deux d\u2019entre eux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 la technique de torture baptis\u00e9e\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0waterboarding\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>\u00a0(simulacre d\u2019ex\u00e9cution par noyade).<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les \u00c9tats-Unis se targuent de montrer l\u2019exemple en mati\u00e8re de droits humains, mais cette affirmation ne tient pas face aux d\u00e9tentions de Guant\u00e1namo, aux proc\u00e8s devant des commissions militaires et \u00e0 l\u2019absence d\u2019obligation de rendre des comptes et de recours pour les violations qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises par des agents am\u00e9ricains, notamment les crimes de torture et de disparition forc\u00e9e relevant du droit international\u00a0\u00bb, a indiqu\u00e9 Rob Freer, chercheur sur les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 Amnesty International.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu\u2019il est entr\u00e9 en fonction en janvier 2009, le pr\u00e9sident Barack Obama a promis de trouver une solution pour les prisonniers de Guant\u00e1namo et de fermer le centre avant un an.<\/p>\n

En outre, il a ordonn\u00e9 que l\u2019Agence centrale du renseignement (CIA) cesse d\u2019utiliser les techniques d\u2019interrogatoire \u00ab\u00a0renforc\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb et les \u00ab\u00a0sites noirs\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il a toutefois adopt\u00e9 le paradigme unilat\u00e9ral et biais\u00e9 de la \u00ab\u00a0guerre mondiale\u00a0\u00bb et accept\u00e9, dans ce contexte, les d\u00e9tentions \u00e0 dur\u00e9e illimit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Son gouvernement a ainsi affirm\u00e9 en 2010 qu\u2019une cinquantaine de d\u00e9tenus de Guant\u00e1namo ne pouvaient \u00eatre ni inculp\u00e9s ni lib\u00e9r\u00e9s, mais devaient \u00eatre maintenus en d\u00e9tention militaire pour une dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e, sans inculpation ni jugement. Il a instaur\u00e9 un moratoire sur le rapatriement de d\u00e9tenus y\u00e9m\u00e9nites et d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que 30\u00a0d\u2019entre eux seraient maintenus en d\u00e9tention \u00ab\u00a0conditionnelle\u00a0\u00bb en raison des \u00ab\u00a0conditions actuelles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au Y\u00e9men\u00a0\u00bb. Ce moratoire est toujours en vigueur.<\/p>\n

Incapable de fermer Guant\u00e1namo, le gouvernement de Barack Obama fait porter le chapeau au Congr\u00e8s, qui a emp\u00each\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises les \u00c9tats-Unis de respecter les principes internationaux relatifs aux droits humains dans ce contexte. Le 2\u00a0janvier 2013, le pr\u00e9sident Barack Obama a n\u00e9anmoins promulgu\u00e9 la Loi de pr\u00e9rogatives de la d\u00e9fense nationale, tout en d\u00e9plorant que certaines dispositions entravent la r\u00e9solution du cas des prisonniers de Guant\u00e1namo.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le droit international n\u2019autorise pas les diff\u00e9rentes branches du gouvernement \u00e0 se soustraire aux textes en vigueur en se rejetant mutuellement la faute de la sorte, a estim\u00e9 Rob Freer. Nul ne peut l\u00e9gitimer l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019un pays \u00e0 s\u2019acquitter de ses obligations en termes de droits humains en montrant du doigt les politiques et les lois nationales.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Sans r\u00e9el changement de politique, l\u2019adh\u00e9sion du gouvernement Obama \u00e0 la notion de \u00ab\u00a0guerre mondiale\u00a0\u00bb signifie que la fermeture de Guant\u00e1namo ne mettrait pas un terme aux d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, qui seraient simplement d\u00e9localis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

En outre, la large acceptation de ce concept au sein des trois pouvoirs du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral am\u00e9ricain, la protection des agents du gouvernement via des dispositions leur conf\u00e9rant l\u2019immunit\u00e9 et l\u2019utilisation constante du secret, contribuent \u00e0 bloquer les d\u00e9marches de responsabilisation et les recours pour les violations commises \u00e0 Guant\u00e1namo, et ailleurs, dans le cadre des programmes de d\u00e9tention secr\u00e8te et de\u00ab\u00a0restitution\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>\u00a0men\u00e9s par la CIA.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9sormais, il faut que les autorit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines reconnaissent et appliquent les principes internationaux relatifs aux droits humains, a affirm\u00e9 Rob Freer. Elles doivent renoncer aux proc\u00e8s devant des commissions militaires au profit de proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitables devant des tribunaux civils, lib\u00e9rer les d\u00e9tenus que les \u00c9tats-Unis n\u2019ont pas l\u2019intention de poursuivre, s\u2019acquitter de l\u2019obligation de rendre des comptes pour les violations commises et garantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des r\u00e9parations.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Cinq prisonniers accus\u00e9s d\u2019avoir particip\u00e9 aux attentats du 11 septembre risquent d\u2019\u00eatre condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 la peine capitale, apr\u00e8s avoir comparu devant une commission militaire. Le gouvernement a l\u2019intention de requ\u00e9rir la peine de mort contre un sixi\u00e8me d\u00e9tenu de Guant\u00e1namo jug\u00e9 lors d\u2019un autre proc\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9tails op\u00e9rationnels concernant les lieux et les conditions de d\u00e9tention de ces prisonniers aux mains de la CIA restent class\u00e9s hautement confidentiels par les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9cembre 2012, le juge militaire qui supervise le \u00ab\u00a0proc\u00e8s du 11\u00a0septembre\u00a0\u00bb a sign\u00e9 une ordonnance de protection afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher que ces informations ne soient divulgu\u00e9es lors de la proc\u00e9dure, soi-disant pour des raisons de s\u00fbret\u00e9 nationale. Or, de tels motifs ne sauraient \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9s pour garder secr\u00e8tes de graves violations du droit international humanitaire et du droit relatif aux droits humains.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres phases de la proc\u00e9dure pr\u00e9liminaire dans les six affaires \u00e9voqu\u00e9es sont pr\u00e9vues \u00e0 Guant\u00e1namo au mois de janvier.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus, veuillez consulter les documents suivants\u00a0:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

USA: Truth, justice and the American way?<\/em><\/a>
\n\u00c9tats-Unis. Guant\u00e1namo : une d\u00e9cennie d\u2019atteintes aux droits humains<\/em><\/a>
\nGuant\u00e1namo : 10 ann\u00e9es de torts caus\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00eatres humains<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Source :\u00a0http:\/\/www.amnesty.fr\/Presse\/Communiques-de-presse\/Guantanamo-Au-cours-de-son-second-mandat-Barack-Obama-doit-remedier-aux-echecs-en-matiere-de-droits-7390<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Barack Obama doit revoir la promesse qu\u2019il a faite en 2009 de fermer le centre de d\u00e9tention de Guant\u00e1namo et engager cette fois-ci les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer les d\u00e9tenus ou \u00e0 les juger de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable, a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":432,"featured_media":32284,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,151,1247,40],"tags":[4426],"class_list":["post-32433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-du-nord","category-communique-de-presse","category-diversite","category-international-fr","tag-guantanamo-en"],"yoast_head":"\nAmnesty demande \u00e0 Obama de tenir leurs promesses sur Guantanamo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Barack Obama doit revoir la promesse qu\u2019il a faite en 2009 de fermer le 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