{"id":279508,"date":"2016-02-19T17:16:37","date_gmt":"2016-02-19T17:16:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=279508"},"modified":"2016-02-20T19:45:53","modified_gmt":"2016-02-20T19:45:53","slug":"279508","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2016\/02\/279508\/","title":{"rendered":"Inde. Il faut mettre fin \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression de la libert\u00e9 d’expression"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La police de Delhi doit imm\u00e9diatement rel\u00e2cher Kanhaiya Kumar, pr\u00e9sident du syndicat des \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Jawaharlal Nehru, et SAR Geelani, ancien ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Delhi, et abandonner les poursuites pour s\u00e9dition engag\u00e9es contre eux, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Amnesty International Inde mercredi 17\u00a0f\u00e9vrier. La police doit \u00e9galement enqu\u00eater sur plusieurs agressions perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des avocats contre des journalistes et d\u2019autres personnes dans un tribunal de Delhi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0En arr\u00eatant un \u00e9tudiant en vertu d\u2019une loi remontant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque coloniale et en se gardant d\u2019emp\u00eacher des agressions au tribunal, la police de Delhi a derni\u00e8rement fait preuve de m\u00e9pris pour des droits garantis par la Constitution\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Tara Rao, directrice des programmes \u00e0 Amnesty International Inde. \u00ab\u00a0Ce d\u00e9dain pour le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression est \u00e0 la fois malavis\u00e9 et dangereux.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La police de Delhi, qui est plac\u00e9e sous les ordres du Minist\u00e8re central de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, a arr\u00eat\u00e9 Kanhaiya Kumar vendredi 12\u00a0f\u00e9vrier parce qu\u2019il avait semble-t-il prononc\u00e9 des slogans \u00ab\u00a0hostiles \u00e0 la nation\u00a0\u00bb lors d\u2019une manifestation pacifique \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Jawaharlal Nehru, trois jours auparavant. Mardi 16\u00a0f\u00e9vrier, la police a appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 SAR Geelani pour avoir organis\u00e9 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement o\u00f9 des slogans \u00ab\u00a0hostiles \u00e0 l\u2019Inde\u00a0\u00bb auraient \u00e9t\u00e9 scand\u00e9s. Tous deux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s au titre de la section 124A du Code p\u00e9nal indien, qui pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9clusion \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9 dans les affaires de s\u00e9dition. Un tribunal de Delhi a prononc\u00e9 le placement de SAR Geelani en d\u00e9tention provisoire jusqu\u2019au 19\u00a0f\u00e9vrier.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les tribunaux indiens ont d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que l\u2019expression peut \u00eatre limit\u00e9e pour des motifs de maintien de l\u2019ordre, uniquement lorsqu\u2019elle constitue une incitation \u00e0 des actes violents ou des troubles de l\u2019ordre imminents. En qualifiant des personnes d\u2019\u00a0\u00bbhostiles \u00e0 la nation\u00a0\u00bb pour avoir simplement exprim\u00e9 des opinions allant \u00e0 contre-courant, le gouvernement central et la police de Delhi font preuve d\u2019intol\u00e9rance vis-\u00e0-vis de la dissidence\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Tara Rao.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La loi sur la s\u00e9dition \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les Britanniques pour restreindre la libre expression durant la lutte pour l’ind\u00e9pendance en Inde. Il est malencontreux que le gouvernement l\u2019invoque d\u00e9sormais pour r\u00e9duire au silence et harceler des personnes ayant des opinions qui divergent des siennes. Dans l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 indienne, cette loi doit \u00eatre imm\u00e9diatement abrog\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le 15\u00a0f\u00e9vrier, durant l\u2019audience de Kanhaiya Kumar dans un tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance de Delhi, des journalistes, des \u00e9tudiants et des enseignants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 menac\u00e9s, gifl\u00e9s ou rou\u00e9s de coups par des avocats. Plusieurs t\u00e9moins affirment que des membres de la police de Delhi pr\u00e9sents sur place ne sont pas intervenus malgr\u00e9 de nombreuses demandes. Des centaines de journalistes ont manifest\u00e9 contre ces agressions. Selon des journalistes, Kanhaiya Kumar a \u00e9t\u00e9 agress\u00e9 le 17\u00a0f\u00e9vrier par des avocats alors qu\u2019il \u00e9tait conduit au tribunal de premi\u00e8re audience pour une comparution. Le tribunal a prononc\u00e9 son placement en d\u00e9tention provisoire jusqu\u2019au 2\u00a0mars.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le refus de ces policiers de prot\u00e9ger des personnes contre des attaques violentes en plein tribunal est consternant\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Tara Rao. \u00ab\u00a0Les avocats ne sont pas au-dessus des lois. La police doit enqu\u00eater sur ces agressions et sur sa propre inaction, et amener les responsables \u00e0 rendre des comptes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le Premier ministre indien a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreuses reprises, sur le territoire national comme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, l\u2019engagement de son gouvernement en faveur de l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit. Ces promesses sonnent de plus en plus creuses.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Compl\u00e9ment d\u2019information<\/b><\/p>\n

La section 124A du Code p\u00e9nal indien d\u00e9finit la s\u00e9dition comme \u00ab\u00a0tout acte ou tentative visant \u00e0 susciter la haine, le m\u00e9pris ou […] le m\u00e9contentement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des pouvoirs publics\u00a0\u00bb. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque coloniale pour \u00e9touffer la dissidence pendant la lutte pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance en Inde. Le Mahatma Gandhi, emprisonn\u00e9 en vertu de ce texte, l\u2019a qualifi\u00e9 de prince parmi les sections politiques du Code p\u00e9nal indien con\u00e7ues pour r\u00e9primer la libert\u00e9 du citoyen.<\/p>\n

L\u2019article 19(1) de la Constitution indienne garantit le droit de tous \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de parole et d’expression. L\u2019article 19(2) cite l\u2019ordre public comme un motif parmi d\u2019autres de restriction de la libert\u00e9 d’expression. La Cour supr\u00eame indienne a estim\u00e9 que ces restrictions devaient \u00eatre autoris\u00e9es par la loi et ne pas pr\u00e9senter de caract\u00e8re excessif ni disproportionn\u00e9. La Cour supr\u00eame a par ailleurs d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que les restrictions se fondant sur des consid\u00e9rations en relation avec l\u2019ordre public ne sont valides que lorsqu\u2019il existe un lien \u00e9troit entre certaines paroles et des troubles \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public, et qu\u2019il existe un risque d\u2019anarchie imminent.<\/p>\n

En 2015, la Cour a invalid\u00e9 une loi sur l\u2019expression en ligne dans l\u2019affaire Shreya Singhal, en faisant l’observation suivante\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Une discussion, voire un plaidoyer en faveur d\u2019une cause particuli\u00e8re, toute impopulaire qu\u2019elle soit, tombe sous le coup de l\u2019article 19(1)(a). C\u2019est seulement lorsque ces discussions ou plaidoyers atteignent le niveau de l\u2019incitation que l\u2019article 19(2) peut \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Cette loi continue cependant \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour r\u00e9primer les opposants. Les gouvernements indiens successifs y ont recouru contre des journalistes, des militants et des d\u00e9fenseurs des droits humains. En 2015, cette loi a \u00e9t\u00e9 invoqu\u00e9e pour motiver l\u2019arrestation\u00a0: d\u2019un chanteur folklorique\u00a0dalit<\/i>\u00a0au Tamil Nadu pour des chansons critiquant le gouvernement de cet \u00c9tat\u00a0; et d\u2019un responsable communautaire au Gujarat qui avait manifest\u00e9 en faveur de quotas dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de l\u2019emploi.<\/p>\n

En vertu de dispositions du droit international relatif aux droits humains qui sont contraignantes pour l\u2019Inde, les \u00c9tats sont autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 imposer des restrictions au droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression pour des motifs incluant l\u2019\u00ab\u00a0ordre public\u00a0\u00bb. Il convient cependant de d\u00e9montrer que ce type de restriction est n\u00e9cessaire et proportionn\u00e9e, et elle ne doit pas compromettre ce droit lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9cembre, un d\u00e9put\u00e9 a introduit devant la Chambre basse du Parlement une proposition de loi ayant pour objectif la modification de la loi sur la s\u00e9dition, afin que celle-ci recouvre uniquement les cas d\u2019incitation directe \u00e0 la violence. Les d\u00e9put\u00e9s ne se sont pas encore prononc\u00e9s sur cette proposition de loi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
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La police de Delhi doit imm\u00e9diatement rel\u00e2cher Kanhaiya Kumar, pr\u00e9sident du syndicat des \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Jawaharlal Nehru, et SAR Geelani, ancien ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Delhi, et abandonner les poursuites pour s\u00e9dition engag\u00e9es contre eux, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":432,"featured_media":279691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,151,98],"tags":[813,519],"class_list":["post-279508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia-fr","category-communique-de-presse","category-droits-de-lhomme","tag-inde","tag-liberte-dexpression"],"yoast_head":"\nInde. 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