Des rencontres inspir\u00e9es des traditions africaines et des rituels li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019excision am\u00e8nent des grands-m\u00e8res \u00e0 arr\u00eater d\u2019exciser les jeunes filles dans le sud du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et \u00e0 aller vers un abandon de la pratique des mutilations g\u00e9nitales f\u00e9minines (MGF).\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nDes experts voient en cette exp\u00e9rience l\u2019espoir de l\u2019abandon d\u00e9finitif de l\u2019excision en Afrique de l\u2019ouest o\u00f9 l\u2019argument culturel et religieux est le principal motif de la persistance des MGF.<\/p>\n
Dans le village de Kael Bessel (sud du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal), l\u2019excision n\u2019est plus un sujet tabou. Fatoumata Sabaly, 60 ans environ, parle des droits des filles et \u00e9voque sans g\u00eane le sujet devant des amis. \u00abNous avons constat\u00e9 qu\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019abandonner l\u2019excision et qu\u2019il y a des avantages pour les femmes \u00e0 l\u2019abandonner\u00bb, d\u00e9clare-t-elle. \u00abL\u2019excision a des cons\u00e9quences qui sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9morragie et elle peut m\u00eame conduire \u00e0 la mort\u00bb, explique-t-elle \u00e0 IPS.<\/p>\n
Pourtant, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal comme dans d\u2019autres pays d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019ouest, les grands-m\u00e8res comme Sabaly sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les premi\u00e8res personnes dans la famille \u00e0 d\u00e9cider de l\u2019excision des filles.<\/p>\n
Mais, selon une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e en 2011 par ‘Grandmother Project’, une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG), \u00e0 V\u00e9lingara (sud du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal), 93 pour cent des grands-m\u00e8res sont oppos\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019excision. En 2008, ce taux \u00e9tait seulement de 41 pour cent.<\/p>\n
Dans une trentaine de villages autour de V\u00e9lingara, des rencontres inspir\u00e9es des traditions locales, en particulier le koyan (le rite de passage li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019excision), permettent aux populations de discuter des questions relatives \u00e0 leurs valeurs culturelles.<\/p>\n
Des chefs religieux, chefs coutumiers, fonctionnaires, jeunes et personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es participent \u00e0 ces d\u00e9bats. \u00abGr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces rencontres, les jeunes sont mieux \u00e9duqu\u00e9s maintenant\u00bb, affirme Doussou Kand\u00e9, une femme de 72 ans. \u00abAvant, ils pouvaient m\u2019adresser la parole en m\u2019appelant Doussou, mais maintenant, ils m\u2019appellent grand-m\u00e8re\u00bb, ajoute-elle \u00e0 IPS.<\/p>\n
Ces rencontres mettent en valeur le r\u00f4le \u00e9ducatif des grands-m\u00e8res dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s africaines. Mais au-del\u00e0, elles brisent le silence entourant les sujets tabous comme l\u2019excision. \u00abJ\u2019\u00e9tais personnellement pour l\u2019excision, comme beaucoup de gens, mais les discussions en public m\u2019ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 changer de position, \u00e0 accepter que dans notre culture, il y a des valeurs \u00e0 conserver et d\u2019autres \u00e0 abandonner\u00bb, raconte \u00e0 IPS, Abdoulaye Bald\u00e9, imam d\u2019une mosqu\u00e9e \u00e0 V\u00e9lingara.<\/p>\n
Au cours des d\u00e9bats publics, les populations exposent les avantages et les inconv\u00e9nients des valeurs culturelles. \u00abPuisque l\u2019excision a plus d\u2019inconv\u00e9nients que d\u2019avantages, les gens ont peu \u00e0 peu abandonn\u00e9 la pratique\u00bb, affirme \u00e0 IPS, Falilou Ciss\u00e9, conseiller en d\u00e9veloppement communautaire au bureau de ‘Grandmother Project’ \u00e0 V\u00e9lingara.<\/p>\n
Aujourd\u2019hui, les populations locales savent que l\u2019islam ne fait pas de l\u2019excision une obligation pour les croyants gr\u00e2ce aux interventions de l\u2019imam Bald\u00e9 lors des d\u00e9bats. L\u2019implication des leaders d\u2019opinion a eu un grand impact sur la nouvelle perception de l\u2019excision par les grands-m\u00e8res.<\/p>\n
Interrog\u00e9e par IPS, Fatoumata Bald\u00e9, la matrone du village de Kandia, pr\u00e8s de V\u00e9lingara, estime que depuis 2010, elle n\u2019a pas vu un cas d\u2019excision dans la localit\u00e9. \u00abAvant, nous avions l\u2019habitude de recevoir au dispensaire beaucoup de cas d\u2019excision qui ont mal tourn\u00e9 parce que c\u2019est fait sans assistance m\u00e9dicale\u00bb, explique la matrone qui prend r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement part aux d\u00e9bats.<\/p>\n
L\u2019initiative des rencontres est venue de ‘Grandmother Project’, une ONG internationale bas\u00e9e en Italie, qui fait la promotion du dialogue communautaire autour de la culture. \u00abLes populations ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 l\u2019excision d\u2019elles-m\u00eames. Nous n\u2019avons jamais demand\u00e9 aux gens d\u2019arr\u00eater\u00bb, souligne Ciss\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Boubacar Bocoum, un consultant malien ayant fait des enqu\u00eates sur l\u2019excision dans plusieurs pays, voit dans l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de V\u00e9lingara un espoir pour l\u2019abandon d\u00e9finitif de la pratique en Afrique de l\u2019ouest.<\/p>\n
\u00abLes projets de lutte contre l\u2019excision ciblent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les exciseuses, alors que c\u2019est un probl\u00e8me communautaire. Si seulement une partie de la communaut\u00e9 abandonne, la pratique persiste car le reste de la population n\u2019est pas engag\u00e9\u00bb, indique Bocoum.<\/p>\n
Selon une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e par l\u2019ONG ‘Plan International’ en 2006, l\u2019excision existe dans l\u2019ensemble de la sous-r\u00e9gion. \u00abEn Guin\u00e9e, en Sierra Leone et au Mali, pratiquement toutes les femmes sont excis\u00e9es… Au Niger et au Ghana, la pratique est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 certaines zones g\u00e9ographiques et la pr\u00e9valence nationale est de moins de 10 pour cent\u00bb, indique l\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n
A V\u00e9lingara, les grands-m\u00e8res entendent perp\u00e9tuer leur exp\u00e9rience qui les rapproche plus du reste de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. \u00abAvant, les gens ne voulaient pas que les enfants s\u2019approchent de nous parce qu\u2019ils pensaient que nous \u00e9tions des sorci\u00e8res\u00bb, raconte Sabaly, \u00e9mue, retenant ses larmes dans une salle de classe o\u00f9 elle \u00e9tait invit\u00e9e \u00e0 parler des valeurs traditionnelles aux enfants, en octobre dernier.<\/p>\n
Source :\u00a0www.ipsinternational.org\/fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Par\u00a0Soumaila T. Diarra Des rencontres inspir\u00e9es des traditions africaines et des rituels li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019excision am\u00e8nent des grands-m\u00e8res \u00e0 arr\u00eater d\u2019exciser les jeunes filles dans le sud du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et \u00e0 aller vers un abandon de la pratique des mutilations…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":27473,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,1249,40,163],"tags":[857,1806,1807],"class_list":["post-27470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-education-sujet","category-international-fr","category-opinion-fr","tag-education-fr","tag-excision","tag-grands-meres"],"yoast_head":"\n
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