{"id":268764,"date":"2016-01-27T16:43:55","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T16:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=268764"},"modified":"2016-01-27T22:51:51","modified_gmt":"2016-01-27T22:51:51","slug":"268764","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2016\/01\/268764\/","title":{"rendered":"Et la censure cr\u00e9a le cin\u00e9ma des femmes iraniennes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Et la censure cr\u00e9a le cin\u00e9ma des femmes iraniennes \u00ab\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Best of des articles de la rubrique Iran de L\u2019Opinion Internationale\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Par Michel Taube.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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A l\u2019occasion de\u00a0la venue en France de M. Hassan Rohani, pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique islamique d\u2019Iran, L\u2019Opinion Internationale propose de retenir la richesse et la diversit\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 iranienne, trop longtemps ignor\u00e9e\u2026 Morceaux choisis ces prochains jours avec le best-off des articles\u00a0parus en 2013 et 2014 dans\u00a0la\u00a0rubrique Iran.<\/em><\/p>\n

Y a-t-il une vision f\u00e9minine de l\u2019Iran que traduirait le cin\u00e9ma florissant des femmes iraniennes\u00a0? Chaque film est un regard sur une histoire, un point de vue, un moment de v\u00e9rit\u00e9, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 d\u2019un moment, sur une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 aux multiples facettes.<\/p>\n

Les femmes se sont, en Iran, empar\u00e9es de cet art, le plus populaire, et la sp\u00e9cialiste, Asal Bagheri, retrace les grandes lignes de cette aventure passionnante.<\/p>\n

(Article publi\u00e9 le 22 mars 2014 \u00e0 15h36)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La r\u00e9volution n\u2019emp\u00eache ni le cin\u00e9ma et ni la place de la femme de se d\u00e9velopper dans le cin\u00e9ma\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le cin\u00e9ma f\u00e9minin iranien parle surtout des probl\u00e8mes des femmes, et il le fait \u00ab par n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00bb. C\u2019est certainement ce trait l\u00e0 que toutes les cin\u00e9astes iraniennes partagent. Au regard de la situation de la femme en Iran, mais, comme dans beaucoup d\u2019autres pays du monde, cela en fait\u00a0de facto\u00a0<\/i>\u00ab un cin\u00e9ma engag\u00e9\u00bb, nous dit Asal Bagheri. Le cin\u00e9ma est devenu le vecteur de la critique sociale en Iran et les femmes y tiennent un r\u00f4le important. La mise en lumi\u00e8re des femmes et la place croissante qui est accord\u00e9e \u00e0 leur regard se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es apr\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution iranienne.<\/p>\n

Le paradoxe n\u2019est pourtant qu\u2019apparent. Asal Bagheri nous rappelle que, d\u2019une part, la R\u00e9volution a chang\u00e9 la place des femmes dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 iranienne et d\u2019autre part, que Khomeiny, lui m\u00eame, n\u2019a pas reni\u00e9 le cin\u00e9ma comme art\u00a0: d\u00e9j\u00e0 en 1979, il affirmait qu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas contre le cin\u00e9ma ou la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, mais seulement contre ses aspects immoraux et imp\u00e9rialistes. Les femmes, d\u00e8s lors, purent travailler derri\u00e8re puis devant la cam\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n

Pour les femmes, ce nouvel espace conquis par elles s\u2019est accru avec la guerre Irak \u2013 Iran. En envoyant une multitude d\u2019hommes au front, le conflit irano-irakien a laiss\u00e9 les femmes seules, cultivant et nourrissant le sentiment de leur ind\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0grammaire de la modestie\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0s\u2019impose mais cr\u00e9e un regard particulier<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asal Bagheri souligne \u00e0 quel point \u00ab la modestie \u00bb \u2013 Effat en persan \u2013 caract\u00e9rise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le cin\u00e9ma en Iran et particuli\u00e8rement celui fait par des femmes et\/ou sur les femmes :\u00a0cette attitude rel\u00e8ve bien plus de la pudeur, de la retenue et de la distance vis-\u00e0-vis des choses que de l\u2019humilit\u00e9 ou de la pi\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00ab grammaire de de la modestie \u00bb qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019art en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et en particulier au cin\u00e9ma, a paradoxalement permis aux femmes de s\u2019exprimer dans le cadre de la censure et en portant ce \u00abregard particulier \u00bb sur le monde.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran, le tournant \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si le cin\u00e9ma devient donc acceptable \u2013 la famille traditionnelle n\u2019associe plus le cin\u00e9ma avec la d\u00e9cadence mais le reconna\u00eet, au contraire, comme un espace o\u00f9 les femmes peuvent prendre la parole \u2013 l\u2019\u00e9volution s\u2019av\u00e9rera pourtant lente. De quasi inexistante au d\u00e9but de la R\u00e9volution, la pr\u00e9sence de la femme devant et derri\u00e8re la cam\u00e9ra ne s\u2019affirme que tr\u00e8s progressivement.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution, alors que la nation iranienne cherche son chemin, la pr\u00e9sence des femmes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran est r\u00e9duite au \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9cor \u00bb\u00a0;\u00a0\u00a0elles se cantonnent \u00e0 des r\u00f4les pieux et de m\u00e8res de famille. Mais \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980, la pr\u00e9sence des femmes s\u2019affirme et, pour Asal Bagheri, ce tournant est incontestablement li\u00e9 au film\u00a0Bashu le petit \u00e9tranger<\/i>\u00a0(1987)\u00a0du r\u00e9alisateur Bahram Beyzai. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, non seulement une femme apparait en gros plan, mais Bahram Beyzai\u00a0filme son regard.\u00a0Bashu le petit \u00e9tranger<\/i>, malgr\u00e9 une censure de trois ans (produit en 1987 mais autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran seulement en 1990), change \u00e0 tout jamais en Iran l\u2019image de la femme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran. Le th\u00e8me du film n\u2019est pourtant pas la femme en tant que telle, il raconte la guerre et le racisme interr\u00e9gional : une femme qui vit au nord de l\u2019Iran rencontre un enfant \u00e0 la peau fonc\u00e9e du sud. Sousan Taslimi, l\u2019actrice principale est magnifique, son regard et son rapport direct \u00e0 la cam\u00e9ra persistent encore dans l\u2019imaginaire iranien. Les dirigeants ont fini par accepter ce cin\u00e9ma l\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Des regards divers qui racontent tous une part de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 iranienne<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, Asghar Farhadi (A propos d\u2019Elly<\/i>,\u00a0Une s\u00e9paration<\/i>) est incontournable pour d\u00e9couvrir le cin\u00e9ma iranien\u00a0: il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait Officier de l\u2019Ordre des Arts et des Lettres par l\u2019ancienne ministre fran\u00e7aise de la Culture, Aur\u00e9lie Filippetti.<\/p>\n

Mais Asal Bagheri recommande tout particuli\u00e8rement l\u2019\u0153uvre de la r\u00e9alisatrice Rakhshan Bani-Etemad pour comprendre la condition des femmes en Iran. Rakhshan Bani-Etemad d\u00e9crit avant tout les maux de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 iranienne. Ce faisant, elle ne peut pas ne pas aborder les probl\u00e8mes de la femme iranienne. C\u2019est donc \u00e0 travers des angles multiples que Rakhshan Bani-Etemad porte un regard aiguis\u00e9 sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 iranienne\u00a0:\u00a0La dame de mai\u00a0<\/i>(1998) raconte l\u2019histoire d\u2019une femme cultiv\u00e9e, documentariste, divorc\u00e9e et m\u00e8re d\u2019un adolescent, et qui a un amant ou, \u00e0 l\u2019oppos\u00e9,\u00a0Sous la peau de la ville<\/i>\u00a0(2000) met en sc\u00e8ne une femme pauvre qui travaille dans une usine et se bat pour sa famille.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est cette multiplicit\u00e9 qui peut nous donner une perception plus juste et moins d\u00e9cal\u00e9e sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 iranienne. Le cin\u00e9ma des femmes iraniennes existe et sort de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour prendre sa libert\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Et la censure cr\u00e9a le cin\u00e9ma des femmes iraniennes \u00ab\u00a0\u00a0Best of des articles de la rubrique Iran de L\u2019Opinion Internationale\u00a0\u00bb Par Michel Taube. A l\u2019occasion de\u00a0la venue en France de M. Hassan Rohani, pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique islamique d\u2019Iran, L\u2019Opinion…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":752,"featured_media":271758,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,85,163],"tags":[1133,18416],"class_list":["post-268764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-fr","category-europe-fr","category-opinion-fr","tag-cinema-fr","tag-femmes-iraniennes"],"yoast_head":"\nEt la censure cr\u00e9a le cin\u00e9ma des femmes iraniennes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Et la censure cr\u00e9a le cin\u00e9ma des femmes iraniennes "\u00a0Best of des articles de la rubrique Iran de L\u2019Opinion Internationale" Par Michel Taube. 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