{"id":2686162,"date":"2026-03-20T17:47:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T17:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=2686162"},"modified":"2026-03-20T17:47:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T17:47:38","slug":"les-bombardements-etasuniens-israeliens-en-iran-violent-le-droit-international","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2026\/03\/les-bombardements-etasuniens-israeliens-en-iran-violent-le-droit-international\/","title":{"rendered":"Les bombardements \u00e9tasuniens-isra\u00e9liens en Iran violent le droit international"},"content":{"rendered":"
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D\u00e9claration de l’Association internationale des juristes contre les armes nucl\u00e9aires (IALANA)*<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Les bombardements \u00e9tasuniens-isra\u00e9liens en Iran violent manifestement les principes fondamentaux du droit international. Ils portent atteinte \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 de l’Iran, contrairement \u00e0 l’article 2(4) de la Charte des Nations Unies, qui interdit le recours \u00e0 la menace ou \u00e0 l’emploi de la force contre l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale ou l’ind\u00e9pendance politique de tout \u00c9tat. Rien ne permet de croire que les \u00c9tats-Unis et Isra\u00ebl agissent en \u00e9tat de l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense face \u00e0 une attaque imminente. Par ailleurs, la tentative de changement de r\u00e9gime ne saurait justifier le recours \u00e0 la force, car elle contrevient directement au principe du respect de l’ind\u00e9pendance politique des \u00c9tats.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime iranien s’est effectivement rendu coupable de violations massives des droits humains au fil des ans, notamment la\u00a0 r\u00e9pression violente de manifestations en janvier 2026. Cependant, une intervention dite humanitaire, impliquant le recours \u00e0 la violence contre des civils, ne peut se justifier, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, que pour mettre fin \u00e0 un massacre en cours ou imminent. Or, telle n’est pas la situation actuelle en Iran, et les frappes \u00e9tasuniennes-isra\u00e9liennes ne se limitent pas \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention de violations massives des droits humains et ne sont en aucun cas cautionn\u00e9es par la communaut\u00e9 internationale pour cette raison.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est frappant de constater que l’administration Trump n’a d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 aucun effort r\u00e9el pour recourir aux m\u00e9canismes multilat\u00e9raux ou invoquer le droit international. Par ses actions et son m\u00e9pris du droit international, elle acc\u00e9l\u00e8re l’\u00e9rosion des r\u00e8gles fondamentales relatives \u00e0 l’usage de la force, un processus amorc\u00e9 il y a pr\u00e8s de trente ans, apr\u00e8s la fin de la Guerre froide. L’\u00e9rosion du cadre juridique qui limite formellement le recours \u00e0 la force arm\u00e9e est un long processus, ponctu\u00e9 au XXIe si\u00e8cle par des conflits de plus en plus fr\u00e9quents et d\u00e9clench\u00e9s par les grandes puissances, qui font de moins en moins de cas du droit et des institutions internationales. Le premier de ces conflits fut l’invasion \u00e9tasunienne de l’Irak en 2003, pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 la longue et massive pr\u00e9sence des USA en Irak et dans ses environs dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, ainsi qu’\u00e0 l’invasion et \u00e0 l’occupation de l’Afghanistan en 2001. Contrairement \u00e0 l’administration Trump, l’administration de George W. Bush avait au moins tent\u00e9 de justifier l’invasion par le droit international, mais avait fond\u00e9 ses justifications de guerre sur un tissu de mensonges. Puis vinrent l’annexion de la Crim\u00e9e par la Russie en 2014 et son invasion \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle de l’Ukraine en 2022, deux interventions d\u00e9pourvues de toute justification s\u00e9rieuse au regard du droit international. D’autres actes d’agression ont eu lieu au cours de ce si\u00e8cle, comme la r\u00e9cente invasion du Venezuela par les \u00c9tats-Unis pour enlever son pr\u00e9sident. Mais les actions des \u00c9tats-Unis en Irak, celles de la Russie en Ukraine et les bombardements \u00e9tasuniens-isra\u00e9liens en Iran constituent des exemples majeurs de l’\u00e9rosion des r\u00e8gles relatives \u00e0 l’usage de la force.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Concernant le programme nucl\u00e9aire iranien, avant le bombardement, il n’avait pas atteint un stade de d\u00e9veloppement justifiant une action en l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, il appara\u00eet depuis de nombreuses ann\u00e9es que l’Iran dispose de capacit\u00e9s d’enrichissement d’uranium, notamment pour se r\u00e9server la possibilit\u00e9 d’acqu\u00e9rir l’arme nucl\u00e9aire ult\u00e9rieurement, mais n’avait pas encore pris la d\u00e9cision de l’acqu\u00e9rir. Ce sont les \u00c9tats-Unis, sous la premi\u00e8re administration Trump, qui se sont retir\u00e9s unilat\u00e9ralement de l’Accord de Vienne sur le nucl\u00e9aire iranien de 2015, fruit de n\u00e9gociations laborieuses et d’un accord international imposant des restrictions efficaces et v\u00e9rifiables au programme nucl\u00e9aire iranien. Les discussions sur le programme iranien passent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sous silence le fait qu’Isra\u00ebl poss\u00e8de un arsenal nucl\u00e9aire cons\u00e9quent. \u00c0 long terme, il n’est pas r\u00e9aliste d’autoriser certains \u00c9tats \u00e0 poss\u00e9der l’arme nucl\u00e9aire et de l’interdire \u00e0 d’autres. La solution la plus directe aux probl\u00e8mes pos\u00e9s par la prolif\u00e9ration effective des armes nucl\u00e9aires, comme dans le cas de la Cor\u00e9e du Nord, ou leur prolif\u00e9ration potentielle, comme dans le cas de l’Iran, consiste \u00e0 progresser rapidement vers l’abolition mondiale des armes nucl\u00e9aires. Une autre solution, au moins partielle, consiste \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de nouvelles zones exemptes d’armes nucl\u00e9aires r\u00e9gionales. Cette approche a d’ailleurs \u00e9t\u00e9 exp\u00e9riment\u00e9e au Moyen-Orient. Tant dans le cadre du Trait\u00e9 sur la non-prolif\u00e9ration des armes nucl\u00e9aires qu’aux Nations Unies, des efforts s\u00e9rieux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour entamer des n\u00e9gociations sur une zone exempte d’armes nucl\u00e9aires au Moyen-Orient, avec la participation volontaire de l’Iran. Cependant, Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9tats-Unis ont boycott\u00e9 ces efforts. Ce boycott compromet fortement la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de leur position, alors qu’ils pr\u00e9tendent agir pour stopper le programme nucl\u00e9aire iranien, qu’ils qualifient de mena\u00e7ant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quelle devrait \u00eatre la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements\u00a0? <\/span><\/p>\n

Premi\u00e8rement<\/strong><\/em>, le bombardement de l\u2019Iran doit \u00eatre condamn\u00e9 comme une agression ill\u00e9gale, et les principes fondamentaux de la Charte des Nations Unies doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9fendus, dans le but de les pr\u00e9server pour l\u2019avenir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Deuxi\u00e8mement<\/strong><\/em>, il faut reconna\u00eetre que le monde traverse une transformation majeure, marqu\u00e9e par la r\u00e9surgence du nationalisme autoritaire. Des factions ethno-nationalistes autoritaires sont au pouvoir ou constituent des forces politiques importantes dans de nombreux pays, y compris tous les \u00c9tats dot\u00e9s de l\u2019arme nucl\u00e9aire. Il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019adopter une approche r\u00e9aliste face \u00e0 la nature du d\u00e9fi, et de repenser les approches et les formes novatrices de plaidoyer et de politique pour un monde plus juste, d\u00e9mocratique, pacifique et post-nationaliste.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/span> Cette d\u00e9claration est bas\u00e9e sur une <\/span>d\u00e9claration<\/span><\/span> faite par la Western States Legal Foundation<\/em>, une organisation affili\u00e9e \u00e0 l’IALANA, et <\/span>sur une autre<\/span><\/span> faite par le Comit\u00e9 des juristes du Bureau des Nations Unies de l’IALANA sur la politique nucl\u00e9aire.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00e9claration de l’Association internationale des juristes contre les armes nucl\u00e9aires (IALANA)* Les bombardements \u00e9tasuniens-isra\u00e9liens en Iran violent manifestement les principes fondamentaux du droit international. Ils portent atteinte \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 de l’Iran, contrairement \u00e0 l’article 2(4) de la Charte des…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2093,"featured_media":2686163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,1250],"tags":[148576,150319,153932,471,470,153931],"class_list":["post-2686162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communique-de-presse","category-paix-desarmement","tag-association-internationale-des-juristes-contre-les-armes-nucleaires-ialana","tag-etats-unis","tag-ialana","tag-iran-fr","tag-israel-fr","tag-politique-nucleaire"],"yoast_head":"\nLes bombardements \u00e9tasuniens-isra\u00e9liens en Iran violent le droit international<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9claration de l'Association internationale des juristes contre les armes nucl\u00e9aires (IALANA)* Les bombardements 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