{"id":2676507,"date":"2026-02-14T21:45:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-14T21:45:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=2676507"},"modified":"2026-02-14T21:45:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T21:45:33","slug":"la-democratie-a-cuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2026\/02\/la-democratie-a-cuba\/","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e9mocratie \u00e0 Cuba"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je me sens toujours li\u00e9e \u00e0 Cuba car j’y ai v\u00e9cu plus de six ans comme demandeuse d’asile avec mon mari et mes deux jeunes enfants, et je sais comment les choses se passent l\u00e0-bas. Bien s\u00fbr, la situation est bien pire maintenant, mais je suis rest\u00e9e en contact avec la population et je continue de me renseigner.<\/span><\/p>\n

N’y a-t-il donc pas de d\u00e9mocratie \u00e0 Cuba ? Parce que la d\u00e9mocratie repose sur la tenue d’\u00e9lections r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, le vainqueur \u00e9tant celui qui obtient le plus de voix, et le changement des dirigeants ?<\/span><\/p>\n

Non, ce n’est pas le cas. Dans les pays dot\u00e9s d’un syst\u00e8me parlementaire, les chefs de gouvernement peuvent rester en fonction pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es s’ils sont en bonne sant\u00e9 et ont la chance de pouvoir le faire. C’est le cas en Europe, notamment en Allemagne, en Italie, aux Pays-Bas, en Su\u00e8de, en Autriche et en Angleterre \u2013 ou plut\u00f4t, au sein du Commonwealth.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 Cuba, l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale du pouvoir populaire, la plus haute instance dirigeante, \u00e9lit le Conseil d’\u00c9tat et son pr\u00e9sident parmi ses membres. Le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil d’\u00c9tat cumule les fonctions de chef de l’\u00c9tat et de chef du gouvernement. Le chef du gouvernement cubain doit avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9alablement \u00e9lu comme repr\u00e9sentant par les citoyens de sa circonscription ou de son quartier.<\/span><\/p>\n

J’ai \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 visiter l’une de ces assembl\u00e9es : toute personne de plus de 16 ans peut y proposer un voisin. Ses m\u00e9rites sont examin\u00e9s et tout autre voisin peut s’y opposer. Un vote a lieu et le candidat est \u00e9lu. Ce processus se poursuit aux assembl\u00e9es locales, puis provinciales, et enfin \u00e0 l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale. Naturellement, nombre de ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lus initialement sont \u00e9cart\u00e9s en cours de route. Au final, seuls 612 d\u00e9put\u00e9s sont \u00e9lus \u2013 les meilleurs candidats. Ils ne per\u00e7oivent pas de salaire car ils doivent conserver leur emploi pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Ainsi, ils restent toujours proches des plus modestes car ils vivent et travaillent au sein de la communaut\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

On pourrait donner beaucoup plus de d\u00e9tails sur ce processus, mais ce serait trop long. Vous trouverez toutes les informations en ligne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Et que dire de la d\u00e9mocratie am\u00e9ricaine, si vant\u00e9e ? C’est tr\u00e8s simple, et nous le savons tous : l\u00e0-bas, le candidat ayant obtenu le plus de voix peut perdre, et celui qui en a obtenu le moins peut gagner. Voici les cas les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres o\u00f9 le candidat ayant recueilli le plus de suffrages a perdu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il existe de nombreux cas, mais je vais \u00e9num\u00e9rer les plus notables\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00c9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 1888 : Benjamin Harrison contre Grover Cleveland.\u00a0<\/span>
\nGrover Cleveland remporta le vote populaire, mais Benjamin Harrison obtint la majorit\u00e9 au coll\u00e8ge \u00e9lectoral (233 voix contre 168), acc\u00e9dant ainsi \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence. Cette \u00e9lection fut entach\u00e9e d’all\u00e9gations de fraude. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00c9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2000 : George W. Bush contre Al Gore. <\/span>
\n L\u2019\u00e9lection de 2000 est l\u2019un des exemples r\u00e9cents les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9cart entre le vote populaire et le vote des grands \u00e9lecteurs. Al Gore, candidat d\u00e9mocrate, a remport\u00e9 le vote populaire avec plus de 500\u00a0000 voix d\u2019avance sur le r\u00e9publicain George W. Bush. Cependant, l\u2019\u00e9lection s\u2019est jou\u00e9e en Floride, o\u00f9, apr\u00e8s un recomptage serr\u00e9 et plusieurs recours juridiques, Bush a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 vainqueur avec seulement 537 voix d\u2019avance. La Cour supr\u00eame est finalement intervenue et a statu\u00e9 en faveur de Bush, qui a obtenu 271 grands \u00e9lecteurs contre 266 pour Gore, scellant ainsi l\u2019un des r\u00e9sultats les plus controvers\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire r\u00e9cente.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00c9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2016 : Donald Trump contre Hillary Clinton. <\/span>
\n En 2016, l\u2019ancienne secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat et candidate d\u00e9mocrate Hillary Clinton a remport\u00e9 le vote populaire avec pr\u00e8s de 2,9 millions de voix d\u2019avance sur Donald Trump. Cependant, Trump a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en remportant 304 grands \u00e9lecteurs contre 227 pour Clinton, apr\u00e8s avoir gagn\u00e9 dans des \u00c9tats cl\u00e9s comme la Pennsylvanie, le Michigan et le Wisconsin. Cette victoire a relanc\u00e9 le d\u00e9bat sur le coll\u00e8ge \u00e9lectoral, beaucoup remettant en question la repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me qui a permis un tel r\u00e9sultat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Et le pire, c’est que ces gens-l\u00e0 veulent donner des le\u00e7ons de d\u00e9mocratie \u00e0 Cuba, et \u00e0 nous tous.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Je me sens toujours li\u00e9e \u00e0 Cuba car j’y ai v\u00e9cu plus de six ans comme demandeuse d’asile avec mon mari et mes deux jeunes enfants, et je sais comment les choses se passent l\u00e0-bas. Bien s\u00fbr, la situation est…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2124,"featured_media":2676508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,11386,163,93],"tags":[151626,151625,271,262,151624],"class_list":["post-2676507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-centrale","category-contenu-original","category-opinion-fr","category-politique","tag-assemblee-nationale-cubaine","tag-college-electoral","tag-cuba","tag-democratie","tag-systeme-electoral"],"yoast_head":"\nLa d\u00e9mocratie \u00e0 Cuba<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Je me sens toujours li\u00e9e \u00e0 Cuba car j'y ai v\u00e9cu plus de six ans comme demandeuse d'asile avec mon mari et mes deux jeunes enfants, et je sais comment les\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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