{"id":2645516,"date":"2025-10-16T08:44:46","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T07:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=2645516"},"modified":"2025-10-16T08:44:46","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T07:44:46","slug":"le-nobel-et-le-paradoxe-de-la-paix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2025\/10\/le-nobel-et-le-paradoxe-de-la-paix\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Nobel et le paradoxe de la paix"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un prix qui divise le continent<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019annonce du Prix Nobel de la Paix \u00e0 Corina Machado a provoqu\u00e9 plus de pol\u00e9miques que de c\u00e9l\u00e9brations. Ce n\u2019est pas un geste anodin : il s\u2019agit d\u2019une militante politique v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne repr\u00e9sentant l\u2019opposition la plus dure, li\u00e9e ouvertement aux milieux d\u2019affaires et connue pour avoir appel\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9sob\u00e9issance et \u00e0 l\u2019insurrection contre le gouvernement.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9cerner le Nobel \u00e0 une figure d\u2019extr\u00eame droite relance le d\u00e9bat sur la signification politique du prix. R\u00e9compense-t-on une trajectoire pacifique ou une posture id\u00e9ologique utile \u00e0 certains pouvoirs ? En Am\u00e9rique latine, o\u00f9 la m\u00e9moire des coups d\u2019\u00c9tat et des interventions \u00e9trang\u00e8res demeure vive, la nouvelle a le go\u00fbt d\u2019un avertissement.<\/p>\n

La paix comme instrument politique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Comit\u00e9 norv\u00e9gien du Nobel agit depuis longtemps comme un acteur diplomatique d\u00e9guis\u00e9 en jury. Il ne distribue pas ses prix au hasard ; il envoie des messages. Celui-ci semble adress\u00e9 au gouvernement du Venezuela et, plus largement, \u00e0 tous les pays du Sud qui cherchent des voies souveraines en dehors de Washington et de Bruxelles.<\/p>\n

Machado d\u00e9fend le libre-march\u00e9, l\u2019alignement sur les \u00c9tats-Unis et l\u2019ouverture totale aux multinationales. Elle a encourag\u00e9 des mobilisations devenues violentes et des appels explicites \u00e0 la rupture institutionnelle. Qu\u2019une telle figure re\u00e7oive un prix de paix r\u00e9v\u00e8le un monde o\u00f9 la \u00ab paix \u00bb se mesure \u00e0 l\u2019aune des convenances g\u00e9opolitiques.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9chiquier v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Venezuela n\u2019est ni un mod\u00e8le de stabilit\u00e9 ni un r\u00e9gime id\u00e9al. Il traverse une longue crise de pauvret\u00e9, de corruption, de sanctions et d\u2019usure politique. R\u00e9duire ce conflit \u00e0 la seule image du gouvernement serait une erreur dangereuse.<\/p>\n

Depuis 2015, les sanctions impos\u00e9es par les \u00c9tats-Unis et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne ont co\u00fbt\u00e9 au Venezuela plus de 130 milliards USD, selon le Conseil des droits humains des Nations unies. Cette asphyxie \u00e9conomique a provoqu\u00e9 l\u2019effondrement de secteurs essentiels comme la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019alimentation. R\u00e9compenser une opposante qui soutient ces sanctions revient, pour beaucoup, \u00e0 l\u00e9gitimer la punition collective comme m\u00e9thode politique.<\/p>\n

Une opposition fragment\u00e9e et sous tutelle<\/strong><\/p>\n

Corina Machado incarne la ligne la plus radicale de l\u2019opposition v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne. Son discours ne cherche pas \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier, il cherche \u00e0 renverser. Elle rejette tout accord avec le chavisme et r\u00e9clame une intervention internationale au nom de la libert\u00e9. Cette position co\u00efncide avec les int\u00e9r\u00eats strat\u00e9giques de Washington, qui vise \u00e0 affaiblir les gouvernements alli\u00e9s de la Chine, de la Russie et de l\u2019Iran.<\/p>\n

Dans ce contexte, le Nobel fonctionne comme un instrument de l\u00e9gitimation ext\u00e9rieure. Ce n\u2019est pas seulement une distinction : c\u2019est un passeport symbolique qui la consacre comme interlocutrice acceptable sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale. Le probl\u00e8me, c\u2019est que son r\u00e9cit exclut la moiti\u00e9 du pays. La paix, comprise ainsi, devient le projet d\u2019un camp contre l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00f4le des m\u00e9dias<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019appareil m\u00e9diatique mondial pr\u00e9sente Machado comme une h\u00e9ro\u00efne moderne. Les images de manifestations, de discours et de proc\u00e8s se multiplient, mais son environnement politique est rarement examin\u00e9. Ses liens avec des hommes d\u2019affaires sanctionn\u00e9s, sa proximit\u00e9 avec des figures du trumpisme et son soutien \u00e0 l\u2019autoproclamation rat\u00e9e de Juan Guaid\u00f3 en 2019 suivent un sc\u00e9nario connu.<\/p>\n

Le Nobel amplifie ce r\u00e9cit. D\u2019Oslo \u00e0 Washington, les manchettes saluent la \u00ab lutte pour la libert\u00e9 \u00bb, tout en passant sous silence le fait que cette libert\u00e9 s\u2019appuie sur une id\u00e9ologie unique : le n\u00e9olib\u00e9ralisme. La question est simple et cruelle : l\u2019extr\u00eame droite peut-elle \u00eatre garante de la paix sur un continent encore meurtri par ses dictatures ?<\/p>\n

Le dilemme \u00e9thique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le courage individuel m\u00e9rite le respect, mais lorsque la reconnaissance devient un instrument de d\u00e9stabilisation, la fronti\u00e8re morale se brouille. Le Nobel de la Paix devrait r\u00e9compenser la construction de ponts, non leur destruction.<\/p>\n

Attribuer ce prix \u00e0 Machado en pleine confrontation revient \u00e0 intervenir sans chars, mais avec prestige. C\u2019est un acte politique d\u00e9guis\u00e9 en geste moral.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences r\u00e9gionales<\/strong><\/p>\n

La distinction risque d\u2019intensifier la pression internationale sur Caracas et d\u2019accentuer la polarisation. Ailleurs, l\u2019extr\u00eame droite se f\u00e9licite : de Milei \u00e0 Bolsonaro, les alli\u00e9s id\u00e9ologiques proclament que la lutte contre le socialisme re\u00e7oit d\u00e9sormais une caution morale venue d\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

La gauche, elle, y voit une tentative de restaurer l\u2019ancien ordre continental : un message indiquant que la dissidence \u00e9conomique n\u2019est pas tol\u00e9r\u00e9e et que les oppositions align\u00e9es sur l\u2019Occident auront toujours le dernier mot.<\/p>\n

La paix comme t\u00e2che inachev\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Venezuela a besoin de r\u00e9conciliation, non de nouvelles tranch\u00e9es. Et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine, d\u2019une ind\u00e9pendance r\u00e9elle, non de prix qui d\u00e9cident qui parle au nom de la libert\u00e9. La paix ne peut appartenir \u00e0 aucune id\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\n

Machado peut \u00eatre une voix dans le d\u00e9bat, mais sa trajectoire marqu\u00e9e par la confrontation rend ce Nobel une contradiction historique.<\/p>\n

Le silence plus lourd que l\u2019applaudissement<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le prix Nobel attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 Corina Machado en dit plus sur le monde que sur elle. Il r\u00e9v\u00e8le une communaut\u00e9 internationale qui utilise le mot \u00ab paix \u00bb comme une arme symbolique et mesure la d\u00e9mocratie avec deux poids, deux mesures.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9compenser une dirigeante d\u2019extr\u00eame droite au discours insurrectionnel n\u2019apaise pas le drame v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien ; il l\u2019aggrave. La vraie paix ne na\u00eet ni dans les bureaux ni dans les titres des journaux : elle na\u00eet quand un peuple peut parler sans peur, voter sans faim et vivre sans tuteurs \u00e9trangers. Le reste ne sont que m\u00e9dailles plus lourdes que la conscience.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un prix qui divise le continent L\u2019annonce du Prix Nobel de la Paix \u00e0 Corina Machado a provoqu\u00e9 plus de pol\u00e9miques que de c\u00e9l\u00e9brations. Ce n\u2019est pas un geste anodin : il s\u2019agit d\u2019une militante politique v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne repr\u00e9sentant l\u2019opposition la…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2493,"featured_media":2645517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,11386,163,1250],"tags":[144556,4536],"class_list":["post-2645516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-du-sud","category-contenu-original","category-opinion-fr","category-paix-desarmement","tag-ana-corina-machado","tag-prix-nobel-de-la-paix"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Nobel et le paradoxe de la paix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un prix qui divise le continent L\u2019annonce du Prix Nobel de la Paix \u00e0 Corina Machado a provoqu\u00e9 plus de pol\u00e9miques que de c\u00e9l\u00e9brations. 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