{"id":2643218,"date":"2025-10-07T22:36:37","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T21:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=2643218"},"modified":"2025-10-10T15:00:33","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T14:00:33","slug":"lafrique-au-xxie-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2025\/10\/lafrique-au-xxie-siecle\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Afrique au XXIe si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L’Afrique est la plaie ouverte de la plan\u00e8te. Le continent le plus pill\u00e9 de l’histoire entre dans le XXIe si\u00e8cle, portant de vieilles cha\u00eenes et en affrontant de nouvelles. Avant, ce furent les caravanes d’esclaves, puis les navires d’or et de diamants, et aujourd’hui les conteneurs de p\u00e9trole, de lithium, de cobalt et de coltan. Les m\u00e9thodes changent, le pillage continue.<\/span><\/p>\n

La carte de l’Afrique n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 dessin\u00e9e par son peuple. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 dessin\u00e9e \u00e0 Berlin en 1885, lorsque les puissances europ\u00e9ennes se sont partag\u00e9 les territoires comme des pi\u00e8ces de monnaie. Cette cicatrice est encore vive. Aujourd’hui, 140 ans plus tard, l’Afrique continue d’en payer le prix\u00a0: des fronti\u00e8res invent\u00e9es, des guerres incessantes, des richesses transform\u00e9es en mal\u00e9diction.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le XXIe si\u00e8cle a commenc\u00e9 avec des promesses de mondialisation et de libert\u00e9. Ce qui a suivi a \u00e9t\u00e9 une nouvelle vague de pillage. La Chine construit des routes et des ports, mais en \u00e9change de p\u00e9trole en Angola, de cuivre en Zambie et de lithium au Zimbabwe. La Russie envoie des armes et des mercenaires, offrant sa protection en \u00e9change d’or au Soudan et d’uranium au Niger. Les \u00c9tats-Unis et l’Europe maintiennent des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mini\u00e8res, des bases militaires et des contrats d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en coop\u00e9ration. Le terrain de jeu est mondial, mais les peuples africains ont peu de voix.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’Afrique repr\u00e9sente 30 % des ressources min\u00e9rales de la plan\u00e8te. Le Congo produit plus de 70 % du cobalt mondial, essentiel aux voitures \u00e9lectriques et aux batteries. La Guin\u00e9e poss\u00e8de d’immenses r\u00e9serves de bauxite. L’Afrique du Sud exporte de l’or et du platine. L’Angola extrait du p\u00e9trole, le Nigeria du gaz, le Mozambique du charbon. Le lithium du Zimbabwe est de plus en plus convoit\u00e9 par les entreprises technologiques. Pourtant, plus de 400 millions d’Africains survivent avec moins de deux dollars par jour. C’est la contradiction brutale du XXIe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le pillage ne s’accompagne plus de fusils, mais de pr\u00eats et de contrats. La Chine finance des m\u00e9gaprojets qui laissent des dettes. L’Occident exige des r\u00e9formes en \u00e9change d’aide. La Russie installe des mercenaires qui contr\u00f4lent les mines. Les gouvernements africains signent souvent des accords qui c\u00e8dent le sous-sol pour une bouch\u00e9e de pain. La corruption et les \u00e9lites locales sont complices d’un syst\u00e8me qui maintient le continent encha\u00een\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’Union africaine tente de r\u00e9agir. L’Accord de libre-\u00e9change continental africain (AL\u00c9CA) est entr\u00e9 en vigueur en 2021, avec l’ambition de r\u00e9unir 54 pays et 1,3 milliard de personnes au sein d’un march\u00e9 commun. C’est une \u00e9tape historique, mais fragile\u00a0: la pauvret\u00e9, les pressions ext\u00e9rieures et les divisions internes menacent de la rendre inop\u00e9rante.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’Afrique a un visage jeune. 60 % de sa population a moins de 25 ans. Des millions de jeunes r\u00e9clament \u00e9ducation, emploi et avenir. Ce sont eux qui remplissent les radeaux qui traversent la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e en qu\u00eate d’une vie d\u00e9cente en Europe. Chaque corps coul\u00e9 en mer t\u00e9moigne d’un continent exploit\u00e9 jusqu’\u00e0 l’\u00e9puisement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La violence continue sans rel\u00e2che. Le Sahel est un corridor de guerre\u00a0: Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger. La Somalie reste prisonni\u00e8re du terrorisme. Le Congo est en proie \u00e0 des milices qui contr\u00f4lent les mines de coltan. Le Soudan est \u00e0 la recherche d’or. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est l’activit\u00e9 la plus lucrative de l’Afrique du XXIe\u00a0si\u00e8cle. Et les armes, comme toujours, viennent de l’ext\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mais l’Afrique r\u00e9siste. Les communaut\u00e9s d\u00e9fendent leurs terres contre les entreprises foresti\u00e8res et mini\u00e8res. Les femmes organisent des r\u00e9seaux de production locaux. Les jeunes cr\u00e9ent des mouvements num\u00e9riques et politiques qui d\u00e9fient les gouvernements corrompus. Des pays comme l’\u00c9thiopie et l’Afrique du Sud explorent leurs propres voies. Ce ne sont pas des victoires d\u00e9finitives, mais ce sont des fissures dans le mur du pillage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le colonialisme a chang\u00e9 de drapeau, mais pas de logique. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 il y avait autrefois des fusils, il y a maintenant des dettes. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 il y avait autrefois des cha\u00eenes, il y a maintenant des contrats. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 il y avait autrefois des vice-rois, il y a maintenant des pr\u00e9sidents ob\u00e9issants. Le r\u00e9sultat est le m\u00eame\u00a0: la richesse dispara\u00eet, la pauvret\u00e9 persiste.<\/span><\/p>\n

La plan\u00e8te ne peut pas vivre sans l’Afrique. Sans son cobalt, pas de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u00a0; sans son lithium, pas de voitures \u00e9lectriques\u00a0; sans son coltan, pas de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables\u00a0; sans son uranium, pas d’\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire. L’Afrique soutient le monde sans rien recevoir en retour. C’est l’injustice qui crie.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’avenir n’est pas encore \u00e9crit. Il pourrait s’agir d’un nouveau cycle de pillage, ou de l’\u00e9veil d’une v\u00e9ritable souverainet\u00e9. La cl\u00e9 pour l’Afrique est de n\u00e9gocier en bloc, de contr\u00f4ler ses ressources et de rompre sa d\u00e9pendance. Que la coop\u00e9ration remplace le pillage. Que la dignit\u00e9 prime sur les contrats.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le XXIe si\u00e8cle ne sera pas juste si l’Afrique reste une marchandise pill\u00e9e. Le plus jeune continent de la plan\u00e8te n’est pas condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle forme d’esclavage. Il est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9crire son propre destin.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Voir les articles de la S\u00e9rie Afrique et ses mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Voir tous les articles de la S\u00e9rie Mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, \u00c9nergie, souverainet\u00e9, pouvoir <\/strong>ICI<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Afrique est la plaie ouverte de la plan\u00e8te. Le continent le plus pill\u00e9 de l’histoire entre dans le XXIe si\u00e8cle, portant de vieilles cha\u00eenes et en affrontant de nouvelles. Avant, ce furent les caravanes d’esclaves, puis les navires d’or et…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2493,"featured_media":2643219,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,11386,100],"tags":[39130,144121,1077,2730,141580],"class_list":["post-2643218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-contenu-original","category-economie","tag-afrique-fr","tag-afrique-et-ses-matieres-premieres","tag-colonialisme","tag-emancipation","tag-serie-matieres-premieres"],"yoast_head":"\nL'Afrique au XXIe si\u00e8cle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'Afrique est la plaie ouverte de la plan\u00e8te. 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