{"id":2628828,"date":"2025-08-21T15:52:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T14:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=2628828"},"modified":"2025-09-06T15:10:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T14:10:09","slug":"hydrogene-vert-carbone-noir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/hydrogene-vert-carbone-noir\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrog\u00e8ne vert, carbone noir"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Il n\u2019y aura pas de v\u00e9ritable transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique tant que le charbon alimentera le pr\u00e9sent et que l\u2019avenir ne sera qu\u2019une promesse d\u2019exportation.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Le Chili veut devenir un p\u00f4le d’excellence en mati\u00e8re d’hydrog\u00e8ne vert. Le gouvernement le dit, les entreprises le r\u00e9p\u00e8tent et les m\u00e9dias s’en r\u00e9jouissent. Des panneaux solaires dans le d\u00e9sert, des \u00e9oliennes \u00e0 Magallanes, et une promesse\u00a0: produire le carburant du futur sans polluer le pr\u00e9sent. Mais alors que des accords internationaux et des appels d’offres \u00e0 plusieurs millions de dollars sont annonc\u00e9s, il y a un d\u00e9tail que personne ne veut aborder. Le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique chilien continue de d\u00e9pendre du charbon, du gaz et d’un syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique o\u00f9 la pr\u00e9tendue transition verte coexiste sans vergogne avec la m\u00eame obscurit\u00e9 concernant les combustibles fossiles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On parle de l’hydrog\u00e8ne comme s’il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent dans les foyers, dans les bus, \u00e0 l’exportation. Mais aujourd’hui, l’hydrog\u00e8ne vert au Chili n’est pas une r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0; c’est une pr\u00e9sentation PowerPoint. Il n’y a pas d’usines industrielles en activit\u00e9. Pas de pipelines. Pas de march\u00e9. Il y a des intentions, des lobbyistes, des gros titres. Et pendant ce temps, les centrales \u00e0 charbon restent actives. Ventanas continue de fumer. Mejillones continue de br\u00fbler. L’air reste vici\u00e9, mais le discours est clair. Dans ce pays, l’\u00e9nergie verte arrive toujours comme une promesse, pas comme une transformation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les entreprises \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques le savent. Les entreprises foresti\u00e8res le savent. Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mini\u00e8res s’en r\u00e9jouissent. Car l’hydrog\u00e8ne vert leur permet d’annoncer des engagements climatiques sans modifier leur mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique. Il suffit de d\u00e9clarer qu’elles seront neutres en carbone d’ici 2040. Personne ne supervise, personne n’exige de coh\u00e9rence. Il suffit de signer un protocole. Une photo suffit. Pendant ce temps, le lithium continue d’\u00eatre exploit\u00e9 avec des pompes \u00e0 eau dans les salines, le cuivre continue d’\u00eatre fondu avec du charbon \u00e0 Caletones, et la pollution continue d’\u00eatre export\u00e9e au nom du d\u00e9veloppement durable.<\/span><\/p>\n

La presse ne pose pas la question non plus. Elle se r\u00e9p\u00e8te. Elle diffuse des communiqu\u00e9s de presse. Elle parle de p\u00f4les de d\u00e9veloppement. Elle \u00e9voque des opportunit\u00e9s uniques. Mais elle n’explique pas que la production d’hydrog\u00e8ne vert n\u00e9cessite des quantit\u00e9s colossales d’eau et d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. D’o\u00f9 viendra cette eau dans le nord aride du Chili\u00a0? Des nappes phr\u00e9atiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 surexploit\u00e9es\u00a0? De la mer, avec des usines de dessalement encore plus \u00e9nergivores\u00a0? Qui contr\u00f4lera l’utilisation de l’eau dans une zone o\u00f9 l’\u00c9tat ne peut m\u00eame pas la garantir aux communaut\u00e9s\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n

Et le plus g\u00eanant\u00a0: quel type d\u2019\u00e9nergie alimentera les \u00e9lectrolyseurs produisant de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne\u00a0? Car si l\u2019on utilise des combustibles fossiles, on obtient non pas de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne vert, mais gris, bleu, ou simplement de la fum\u00e9e au nom fantaisiste. Dans un pays o\u00f9 le charbon repr\u00e9sente encore plus de 20\u00a0% du mix \u00e9lectrique, parler d\u2019\u00e9nergie propre sans fermer les centrales thermo\u00e9lectriques est hypocrite. La m\u00eame hypocrisie avec laquelle les grandes entreprises qualifient la justice \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est utilis\u00e9e pour contr\u00f4ler la transition.<\/span><\/p>\n

On dit que Magallanes sera l’\u00e9picentre de cette r\u00e9volution verte. Mais Magallanes est aussi l’une des r\u00e9gions les plus froides, avec la plus forte demande de chauffage au bois, l’une des plus fortes empreintes carbone par habitant, et o\u00f9 le gaz subventionn\u00e9 par l’\u00c9tat est encore utilis\u00e9. Allons-nous vraiment produire de l’hydrog\u00e8ne vert pour l’exporter vers l’Europe alors que nos habitants br\u00fblent du bois humide et vivent dans des maisons sans isolation thermique\u00a0? Qui a con\u00e7u cette transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u00a0? Qui en profite\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n

Le Chili pourrait mener une v\u00e9ritable transformation. Il a le soleil, le vent, le cuivre et le lithium. Mais il lui manque une chose\u00a0: la volont\u00e9 politique de confronter les d\u00e9tenteurs du pouvoir. Car tant que le discours sera dict\u00e9 par les producteurs, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s mini\u00e8res et les cabinets de conseil en \u00e9nergie, il n’y aura pas de transition, seulement une transition cosm\u00e9tique. L’hydrog\u00e8ne vert ne sera qu’un business parmi d’autres, extrait de territoires sacrifi\u00e9s, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des subventions publiques, pour alimenter les voitures \u00e9lectriques en Allemagne et les aci\u00e9ries en Chine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Et quand il n’y aura plus d’eau, quand les glaciers reculeront davantage, quand la mer sera remplie de saumure et que les communaut\u00e9s seront priv\u00e9es du droit \u00e0 la consultation, alors peut-\u00eatre quelqu’un se souviendra-t-il que tout cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait au nom de l’avenir. Un avenir qui n’inclut pas tout le monde, qui ne corrige pas les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, qui ne r\u00e9pare pas les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts, qui ne d\u00e9centralise pas les d\u00e9cisions. Un avenir conditionn\u00e9 par un discours de durabilit\u00e9 qui sent plus le marketing que l’oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’hydrog\u00e8ne vert a du potentiel, certes. Mais il comporte aussi des pi\u00e8ges. Il peut \u00eatre \u00e9mancipateur ou extractiviste. Il peut \u00eatre synonyme de transition ou de continuit\u00e9. Il peut \u00eatre synonyme de souverainet\u00e9 ou de subordination. Tout d\u00e9pend de qui le contr\u00f4le. Et au Chili, pour l’instant, il est contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les m\u00eames personnes que toujours\u00a0: celles qui transforment l’air en activit\u00e9, l’eau en produit et l’\u00e9nergie en excuse.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Et pourtant, il est encore temps. Si le pays d\u00e9cide que l’\u00e9nergie est un droit et non une marchandise. Si la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est construite avec les communaut\u00e9s et non contre elles. Si les ressources sont orient\u00e9es vers le bien-\u00eatre et non vers la sp\u00e9culation, alors l’hydrog\u00e8ne vert pourrait cesser d’\u00eatre un canular et devenir un outil de justice, de d\u00e9veloppement et de v\u00e9ritable souverainet\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Voir tous les articles de la S\u00e9rie Mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, \u00c9nergie, souverainet\u00e9, pouvoir\u00a0 ICI<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Voir d\u2019autres articles sur le th\u00e8me de <\/strong>l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne vert<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il n\u2019y aura pas de v\u00e9ritable transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique tant que le charbon alimentera le pr\u00e9sent et que l\u2019avenir ne sera qu\u2019une promesse d\u2019exportation. Le Chili veut devenir un p\u00f4le d’excellence en mati\u00e8re d’hydrog\u00e8ne vert. Le gouvernement le dit, les entreprises…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2493,"featured_media":2628837,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,11386,97,163],"tags":[573,96377,141580],"class_list":["post-2628828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-du-sud","category-contenu-original","category-environnement-et-ecologie","category-opinion-fr","tag-chili","tag-hydrogene-vert","tag-serie-matieres-premieres"],"yoast_head":"\nHydrog\u00e8ne vert, carbone noir<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il n\u2019y aura pas de v\u00e9ritable transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique tant que le charbon alimentera le pr\u00e9sent et que l\u2019avenir ne sera qu\u2019une promesse d\u2019exportation. 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