{"id":2539153,"date":"2024-07-28T17:16:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T16:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=2539153"},"modified":"2024-07-28T21:49:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T20:49:58","slug":"la-russie-de-la-musique-et-des-locomotives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/07\/la-russie-de-la-musique-et-des-locomotives\/","title":{"rendered":"La Russie\u00a0: de la musique et des locomotives"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par une chaude journ\u00e9e ensoleill\u00e9e la semaine derni\u00e8re \u00e0 Pavlovsk, l\u00b4ancienne r\u00e9sidence imp\u00e9riale russe, un orchestre en plein air jouait des valses de Strauss. L\u00b4\u00e9v\u00e9nement comm\u00e9morait l\u00b4inauguration d\u00b4une salle de concert, le vokzal, en 1838. Ce nouveau mot russe est un d\u00e9riv\u00e9 phon\u00e9tique de Vauxhall, un jardin public londonien o\u00f9 l\u00b4on pouvait se divertir, notamment en \u00e9coutant de la musique. La salle de concert \u00e9tait rattach\u00e9e \u00e0 la gare de Pavlovsk du premier chemin de fer russe reliant la capitale Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg \u00e0 la station d\u00b4\u00e9t\u00e9 imp\u00e9riale.<\/p>\n

La salle de concert a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue comme une partie int\u00e9grante de la gare, et le nouveau mot en est venu \u00e0 d\u00e9signer n\u00b4importe quelle gare. Peu de Russes se souviennent de l\u00b4association musicale de ce mot courant. L\u00b4id\u00e9e \u00e9tait d\u00b4attirer les clients vers le nouveau moyen de locomotion. L\u00b4ing\u00e9nieur pragois Franz Anton Ritter von Gerstner (1796-1840) propose \u00abd\u00b4am\u00e9nager un nouveau Tivoli au terminus. Un beau vokzal servira de lieu de rassemblement aux habitants de la capitale, \u00e9t\u00e9 comme hiver ; des jeux et des danses, de l\u00b4air frais et une salle \u00e0 manger somptueuse y attireront tout le monde \u00bb. En effet, l\u00b4\u00e9tablissement comprenait un restaurant gastronomique, de vastes chambres d\u00b4h\u00f4tes et, bien s\u00fbr, une grande salle de concert aux fen\u00eatres panoramiques.<\/p>\n

Quelques d\u00e9cennies plus tard, un th\u00e9\u00e2tre fut ajout\u00e9, qui accueillait jusqu\u00b4\u00e0 trente repr\u00e9sentations d\u00b4op\u00e9ra et de ballet pendant la saison estivale. En 1880, le vokzal s\u00b4est dot\u00e9 d\u00b4un orchestre de quatre-vingts musiciens. Au cours de ses soixante-quinze premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es d\u00b4existence, le vokzal a accueilli plus de mille repr\u00e9sentations, dont 600 concerts symphoniques. Le r\u00e9pertoire \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9, allant de la musique classique aux danses populaires, des chants tziganes \u00e0 la musique folklorique. Par exemple, en 1841, le vokzal a accueilli une troupe de quarante danseurs du Pays basque v\u00eatus en costumes traditionnels.<\/p>\n

Le concert de cet \u00e9t\u00e9 sous la direction d\u2019un Italien, le maestro Fabio Mastrangelo, incarnait les liens organiques de la culture russe avec l’Europe. J\u00b4ai r\u00e9cemment \u00e9crit sur la r\u00e9orientation des liens \u00e9conomiques et politiques du pays vers l\u00b4Asie<\/a>. Mais ce mouvement, forc\u00e9 par l’application des sanctions occidentales depuis 2014, n\u00b4a pas affect\u00e9 la culture. Il est vrai que l\u00b4Occident a tent\u00e9 d\u00b4\u00ab annuler \u00bb la musique et la litt\u00e9rature russes. Des concerts de musique russe ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9s de la programmation, des directeurs d\u00b4orchestre et des chanteurs d\u00b4op\u00e9ra russes c\u00e9l\u00e8bres ont vu leurs contrats rompus par leurs impresarios occidentaux. La guerre du \u00ab bien \u00bb contre le \u00ab mal \u00bb s\u2019est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 la culture. Mais aucune mesure miroir n\u00b4a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en Russie pour mettre fin \u00e0 son appartenance \u00e0 la culture europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n

L\u00b4\u00e9v\u00e9nement de Pavlovsk a c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 cette int\u00e9gration organique de la Russie dans la culture mondiale. En plus d\u00b4un si\u00e8cle d\u00b4existence, le vokzal de Pavlovsk a attir\u00e9 des artistes c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de Russie et du reste de l\u00b4Europe, dont Johann Strauss fils (1825-1899), qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 le directeur musical du vokzal pendant plus de dix ans. La c\u00e9l\u00e8bre danseuse russe Anna Pavlova (1881-1931) s\u00b4est produite \u00e0 Pavlovsk \u00e0 la veille de son \u00e9migration en 1914. Le premier concert apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution socialiste a eu lieu en 1918. La tradition s\u00b4est poursuivie, mais avec un changement : d\u00e9sormais, toutes les classes de citoyens \u00e9taient invit\u00e9es \u00e0 y assister.<\/p>\n

Le vokzal de Pavlovsk a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit pendant l\u00b4occupation nazie en 1941-1944. Les volontaires de la Division Azul espagnole constituaient le gros des troupes europ\u00e9ennes stationn\u00e9es \u00e0 Pavlovsk. Les unit\u00e9s allemandes ne venaient que pour des t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9ciales, comme le massacre de la population juive locale (une st\u00e8le est \u00e9rig\u00e9e dans le parc \u00e0 l\u00b4endroit de cette ex\u00e9cution).<\/p>\n

Le concert de cet \u00e9t\u00e9 devait marquer le d\u00e9but d\u00b4une renaissance. La Compagnie des chemins de fer russes (RZhD) a sponsoris\u00e9 le concert pour annoncer la reconstruction du vokzal de Pavlovk, dont l\u00b4ouverture est pr\u00e9vue en 2027, pour le 250e anniversaire de la fondation de Pavlovsk. Le village avait \u00e9t\u00e9 offert par Catherine II \u00e0 son fils, qui allait devenir l\u00b4empereur Paul (Pavel en russe). D\u00b4o\u00f9 le nom de Pavlovsk.<\/p>\n

Non loin du parc o\u00f9 s\u00b4est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 le concert se trouve une statue en bronze de Johann Strauss jouant du violon. \u00c0 l\u2019autre bout de la ligne ferroviaire, \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e du terminal de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, on remarque l’\u00e9l\u00e9gante silhouette de von Gerstner tenant un mod\u00e8le de la premi\u00e8re locomotive qui amenait les passagers au vokzal de Pavlovsk. D\u00b4o\u00f9 l\u00b4association apparemment incongrue de la musique et des locomotives.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Yakov Rabkin<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par une chaude journ\u00e9e ensoleill\u00e9e la semaine derni\u00e8re \u00e0 Pavlovsk, l\u00b4ancienne r\u00e9sidence imp\u00e9riale russe, un orchestre en plein air jouait des valses de Strauss. L\u00b4\u00e9v\u00e9nement comm\u00e9morait l\u00b4inauguration d\u00b4une salle de concert, le vokzal, en 1838. Ce nouveau mot russe est…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2274,"featured_media":2539206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11386,94,85,163],"tags":[125121,2991,125120],"class_list":["post-2539153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","category-europe-fr","category-opinion-fr","tag-locomotives","tag-musique","tag-rusie"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Russie\u00a0: de la musique et des locomotives<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par une chaude journ\u00e9e ensoleill\u00e9e la semaine derni\u00e8re \u00e0 Pavlovsk, l\u00b4ancienne r\u00e9sidence imp\u00e9riale russe, un orchestre en plein air jouait des valses de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/07\/la-russie-de-la-musique-et-des-locomotives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Russie\u00a0: de la musique et des locomotives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par une chaude journ\u00e9e ensoleill\u00e9e la semaine derni\u00e8re \u00e0 Pavlovsk, l\u00b4ancienne r\u00e9sidence imp\u00e9riale russe, un orchestre en plein air jouait des valses de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/07\/la-russie-de-la-musique-et-des-locomotives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pressenza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-28T16:16:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-28T20:49:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/\u0428\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0441\u0441-\u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1122\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"940\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yakov M. 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