{"id":248140,"date":"2015-11-28T18:30:28","date_gmt":"2015-11-28T18:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?p=248140"},"modified":"2015-11-28T18:44:00","modified_gmt":"2015-11-28T18:44:00","slug":"cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/","title":{"rendered":"COP21, entre guerre et paix"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Par\u00a0Ben Cramer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Paris en <span class=\"numbers\">1948<\/span>, pour laque\u00adlle les Fran\u00e7ais ont d\u00e9bours\u00e9 <span class=\"numbers\">170<\/span> mil\u00adlions d\u2019euros, devrait se tenir au Bour\u00adget ( \u00e0 moins que \u2026). Ce sera alors l\u2019occasion de se rap\u00adpeler que le site qui accueille d\u2019ordinaire le Salon a\u00e9ro\u00adnau\u00adtique, Euron\u00adaval, Milipol ou Eurosatory, est sans doute appro\u00adpri\u00e9 pour traiter des enjeux de guerre et de paix. Signes de temps : les con\u00adf\u00e9rences sur les enjeux cli\u00adma\u00adtiques vont de plus en plus ressem\u00adbler aux con\u00adf\u00e9rences sur le d\u00e9sarmement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Reste \u00e0 savoir si cette \u00e9ch\u00e9ance de d\u00e9cem\u00adbre <span class=\"numbers\">2015<\/span> per\u00adme\u00adt\u00adtra de relancer l\u2019unique Con\u00adven\u00adtion (<span class=\"caps\">ENMOD<\/span>) qui inter\u00addit de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des mod\u00adi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtions envi\u00adron\u00adnemen\u00adtales \u00e0 des fins de guerre ; une con\u00adven\u00adtion entr\u00e9e en vigueur d\u00e8s <span class=\"numbers\">1978<\/span> et que la France, pays h\u00f4te de <span class=\"caps\">COP<span class=\"numbers\">21<\/span><\/span> n\u2019a tou\u00adjours pas sign\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.athena21.org\/ben\/TERMINUS-horizon2015.jpg\" alt=\"TERMINUS horizon2015\" width=\"253\" height=\"250\" \/><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Civils, si vous saviez \u2026.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lors d\u2019un som\u00admet de la Terre en <span class=\"numbers\">2002<\/span> \u00e0 Johan\u00adnes\u00adburg, Jacques Chirac d\u00e9clara sous le ton de l\u2019indignation : \u00abNotre mai\u00adson br\u00fble et nous regar\u00addons ailleurs\u00bb, (attribu\u00e9e par\u00adfois \u00e0 Nico\u00adlas Hulot). C\u2019e\u00fbt \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019occasion de lui r\u00e9tor\u00adquer que notre mai\u00adson br\u00fble car elle est \u00e0 feu et \u00e0 sang ! Treize ans plus tard, voil\u00e0 que l\u2019empreinte car\u00adbone des guer\u00adres fait encore et tou\u00adjours par\u00adtie des v\u00e9rit\u00e9s qui d\u00e9rangent (dixit Al Gore)\u2026le sujet est aussi tabou que la journ\u00e9e mon\u00addi\u00adale de la paix durant laque\u00adlle les Fran\u00e7ais pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent c\u00e9l\u00e9brer la journ\u00e9e inter\u00adna\u00adtionale de lutte con\u00adtre Alzheimer !<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les plus grands con\u00adtribu\u00adteurs de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, donc, les plus gros \u00e9met\u00adteurs du monde (dans l\u2019ordre : Chine, Etats-\u200bUnis, Inde) sont aussi les Etats les plus mil\u00adi\u00adtaris\u00e9s. Si l\u2019on ajoute l\u2019<span class=\"caps\">UE<\/span>, ce sont plus de <span class=\"numbers\">50<\/span>% des \u00e9mis\u00adsions qui \u00e9ma\u00adnent des poids lourds de la quin\u00adcail\u00adlerie nucl\u00e9aire (en exclu\u00adant la Russie). Toute\u00adfois, les \u00e9mis\u00adsions des entre\u00adprises du com\u00adplexe militaro-\u200bindustriel ne sont compt\u00adabil\u00adis\u00e9es nulle part, et ne fig\u00adurent dans aucune page de la vaste lit\u00adt\u00e9ra\u00adture des experts du <span class=\"caps\">GIEC<\/span>. Le principe \u2018pollueur-\u200bpayeur\u2019 s\u2019applique aux entre\u00adprises du secteur du trans\u00adport comme l\u2019automobile et non pas au secteur mil\u00adi\u00adtaire. Pourquoi ? La r\u00e9ponse se niche dans les m\u00e9an\u00addres du d\u00e9sarme\u00adment o\u00f9 les tricheurs dis\u00adposent d\u2019armes de cor\u00adrup\u00adtion mas\u00adsive. En effet, les plus gros pro\u00adduc\u00adteurs de mines n\u2019ont pas adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la Con\u00adven\u00adtion d\u2019Ottawa. Les Etats qui d\u00e9ti\u00aden\u00adnent le plus de muni\u00adtions nucl\u00e9aires op\u00e9ra\u00adtionnelles b\u00e9n\u00e9\u00adfi\u00adcient d\u2019une impunit\u00e9 nucl\u00e9aire (mil\u00adi\u00adtaire). Pour le cli\u00admat, c\u2019est un peu pareil : lors des n\u00e9go\u00adci\u00ada\u00adtions sur l\u2019accord de Kyoto, les Etats-\u200bUnis ont impos\u00e9 une clause pr\u00e9\u00adcisant que les op\u00e9ra\u00adtions mil\u00adi\u00adtaires qu\u2019ils m\u00e8n\u00aderaient dans le monde entier et celles aux\u00adquelles ils par\u00adticiperaient avec les Nations Unies ou l\u2019<span class=\"caps\">OTAN<\/span> seraient int\u00e9\u00adgrale\u00adment exemp\u00adt\u00e9es de toute oblig\u00ada\u00adtion de mesure ou de r\u00e9duc\u00adtion. Un cadeau pour Pen\u00adtagone, pre\u00admier con\u00adsom\u00adma\u00adteur mon\u00addial d\u2019\u00e9nergies fos\u00adsiles, et qui assure les deux tiers du ton\u00adnage trans\u00adport\u00e9 sur les champs de bataille. Et tout le monde oublie, y com\u00adpris dans les <span class=\"caps\">ONG<\/span> comme le R\u00e9seau Action Cli\u00admat (<span class=\"caps\">RAC<\/span>) que l\u2019aviation mil\u00adi\u00adtaire avale un quart de la con\u00adsom\u00adma\u00adtion mon\u00addi\u00adale du k\u00e9ros\u00e8ne. Nos cli\u00adma\u00adto\u00adlogues scru\u00adtent les activ\u00adit\u00e9s humaines, sauf celles qui sont li\u00e9es de pr\u00e8s ou de loin aux uni\u00adformes, aux forces arm\u00e9es. En val\u00adorisant le traite\u00adment dif\u00adf\u00e9ren\u00adci\u00e9 (une id\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise), on a con\u00adfondu les Etats qui ont sem\u00e9 le chaos en allumant les prin\u00adci\u00adpaux brasiers meur\u00adtri\u00aders du <span class=\"numbers\">20<\/span>\u00e8me si\u00e8\u00adcle et (tous) les autres ! Pour\u00adtant, un tiers des pays les plus riches est respon\u00ads\u00adable de la moiti\u00e9 des guer\u00adres au si\u00e8\u00adcle pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.athena21.org\/ben\/euros-qui-tombe-du-ciel-bleu.jpg\" alt=\"euros qui tombe du ciel bleu\" width=\"200\" height=\"163\" \/><\/h3>\n<p><strong>L\u2019argent, le nerf de la guerre<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si la crise cli\u00adma\u00adtique est une arme de destruc\u00adtion de masse au m\u00eame titre que les autres comme le sou\u00adtient le pr\u00e9si\u00addent de Nauru, les riches de l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re du Nord ne vont pas casser leur tire\u00adlire pour s\u2019en pr\u00e9\u00admu\u00adnir. Ils pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent drama\u00adtiser \u00e0 leur tour. Tan\u00addis que Kiri\u00adbati, Tuvalu, les Iles Mar\u00adshall et les Mal\u00addives cri\u00adent au sec\u00adours, les Etats-\u200bUnis en rajoutent. Au moment des n\u00e9go\u00adci\u00ada\u00adtions \u00e0 Lima, un rap\u00adport du Pen\u00adtagone nous appre\u00adnait que \u00abLe change\u00adment cli\u00adma\u00adtique va nuire \u00e0 la capac\u00adit\u00e9 du D\u00e9parte\u00adment (de la d\u00e9fense) \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre la nation et pose des risques imm\u00e9\u00addi\u00adats pour la s\u00e9cu\u00adrit\u00e9 nationale des Etats-\u200bUnis\u00bb. Un moyen comme un autre de jus\u00adti\u00adfier de nou\u00adveaux cr\u00e9dits. Mieux encore : une fa\u00e7on de pr\u00e9venir que sac\u00adri\u00adfier le moin\u00addre kopeck de leurs d\u00e9penses mil\u00adi\u00adtaires n\u2019est pas \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour. Les dona\u00adteurs du Nord, g\u00e9n\u00e9reux don\u00adneurs de \u2026le\u00e7ons, ne se bous\u00adcu\u00adlent donc pas pour ali\u00admenter le<em>Green Cli\u00admate Fund<\/em> ou fond vert. Et pour\u00adtant, il suf\u00adfi\u00adrait de con\u00adsacrer un mil\u00adliard de dol\u00adlars pour met\u00adtre \u00e0 niveau les ser\u00advices m\u00e9t\u00e9os des Etats africains, selon une esti\u00adma\u00adtion de l\u2019Organisation M\u00e9t\u00e9orologique Mon\u00addi\u00adale (<span class=\"caps\">OMM<\/span>) Le prix pay\u00e9 par les Etats-\u200bUnis pour instru\u00adire et for\u00admer l\u2019arm\u00e9e afghane est <span class=\"numbers\">26<\/span> fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<br \/>\nLe bon sens voudrait que cha\u00adcun cotise pour le Fonds Vert en fonc\u00adtion de son degr\u00e9 d\u2019armement (ou de surarme\u00adment). Pour\u00adtant, nul au sein des <span class=\"caps\">ONG<\/span> comme <span class=\"caps\">ATTAC<\/span> ne va chercher \u00e0 con\u00adstituer, \u00e0 par\u00adtir d\u2019une tax\u00ada\u00adtion sur cer\u00adtaines d\u00e9penses mil\u00adi\u00adtaires, ou sur le trafic d\u2019armes lour\u00addes, un fonds capa\u00adble de venir en aide aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, m\u00eame si ces \u00ab d\u00e9plac\u00e9s envi\u00adron\u00adnemen\u00adtaux paient le prix fort. Ni un fonds pour for\u00admer des civils \u00e0 la d\u00e9con\u00adt\u00ada\u00adm\u00adi\u00adna\u00adtion des ter\u00adrains plom\u00adb\u00e9s par les man\u0153u\u00advres et entra\u00eene\u00adments, une id\u00e9e inspir\u00e9e par Jos\u00e9 Bov\u00e9 ; ni un fonds pour soutenir les citoyens qui m\u00e9ri\u00adtent pro\u00adtec\u00adtion et r\u00e9pa\u00adra\u00adtion parmi les lanceurs d\u2019alerte.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les vraies menaces<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Compter sur l\u2019<span class=\"caps\">ONU<\/span> n\u2019est-il pas un pari d\u00e9pass\u00e9 ? Les Etats ne sont pas les acteurs aux\u00adquels les peu\u00adples (recon\u00adnus ou non par l\u2019<span class=\"caps\">ONU<\/span>), la majorit\u00e9 des exclus, des indign\u00e9s peu\u00advent se fier pour infl\u00e9chir la courbe des d\u00e9r\u00e8\u00adgle\u00adments. D\u2019autant plus que les prin\u00adci\u00adpales men\u00adaces qui p\u00e8sent sur la plan\u00e8te, outre le change\u00adment cli\u00adma\u00adtique, sont l\u2019in\u00e9gale r\u00e9par\u00adti\u00adtion des ressources, la mar\u00adgin\u00adal\u00adi\u00adsa\u00adtion de la majorit\u00e9 du monde et la mil\u00adi\u00adtari\u00adsa\u00adtion. (pas seule\u00adment jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00e9e par les soubre\u00adsauts du cli\u00admat). Certes, tout ne d\u00e9pend pas des Etats, les acteurs ter\u00adri\u00adto\u00adri\u00adaux et les <span class=\"caps\">ONG<\/span> seront de la par\u00adtie avec le forum alter\u00adnatif de Mon\u00adtreuil (qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 plus effi\u00adcace \u00e0 Saint-\u200bDenis) et le Grand Palais. Les mil\u00adi\u00adtaires s\u2019invitent aussi. On peut se r\u00e9jouir de cette ouver\u00adture, mais le temps long des mil\u00adi\u00adtaires va se cogner au temps court des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances \u00e9lec\u00adtorales de la classe poli\u00adtique.<\/p>\n<p>Avis \u00e0 ceux qui veu\u00adlent ou voudraient \u00abchanger le sys\u00adt\u00e8me plut\u00f4t que le cli\u00admat\u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au dernier livre de No\u00ebl Mam\u00e8re et Patrick Far\u00adbiaz (ed. Flam\u00admar\u00adion, <span class=\"numbers\">2015<\/span>), un slo\u00adgan qui remonte \u00e0 Copen\u00adh\u00adague <span class=\"numbers\">2009<\/span>, les foires d\u2019empoigne ne font que com\u00admencer. La con\u00adflict\u00adual\u00adit\u00e9 est dans l\u2019air du temps. En se pri\u00advant d\u2019une grille de lec\u00adture paci\u00adfiste de la <span class=\"caps\">COP<span class=\"numbers\">21<\/span><\/span>, une majorit\u00e9 d\u2019<span class=\"caps\">ONG<\/span> et de par\u00adtis politiques\u2026risque d\u2019oublier que les d\u00e9r\u00e8\u00adgle\u00adments \u00e0 venir con\u00adstituent une aubaine, un boule\u00advard, pour ceux, les sp\u00e9\u00adcial\u00adistes du chaos qui, au nom du main\u00adtien d\u2019un cer\u00adtain ordre\u2026 pourront miser sur l\u2019ing\u00e9rence \u00e9cologique\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Source :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.athena21.org\/securite-ecologique\/dereglements-climatiques\/154-cop21-entre-guerres-et-paix\">http:\/\/www.athena21.org\/securite-ecologique\/dereglements-climatiques\/154-cop21-entre-guerres-et-paix<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de l\u2019Homme \u00e0 Paris en 1948, pour laque\u00adlle les Fran\u00e7ais ont d\u00e9bours\u00e9 170 mil\u00adlions d\u2019euros, devrait se tenir au Bour\u00adget&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":926,"featured_media":250565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,163,1250],"tags":[16427,22098,252,298],"class_list":["post-248140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-paix-desarmement","tag-cop21","tag-dereglements-climatiques","tag-guerre","tag-paix"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>COP21, entre guerre et paix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COP21, entre guerre et paix\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pressenza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-28T18:30:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-11-28T18:44:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"797\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R\u00e9daction France\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"R\u00e9daction France\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"R\u00e9daction France\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043\"},\"headline\":\"COP21, entre guerre et paix\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-28T18:30:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-11-28T18:44:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\"},\"wordCount\":1584,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"COP21\",\"D\u00e9r\u00e8\u00adgle\u00adments cli\u00adma\u00adtiques\",\"guerre\",\"Paix\"],\"articleSection\":[\"International\",\"Opinion\",\"Paix et D\u00e9sarmement\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\",\"name\":\"COP21, entre guerre et paix\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-28T18:30:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-11-28T18:44:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":797},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"COP21, entre guerre et paix\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Pressenza\",\"description\":\"International Press Agency\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pressenza\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Pressenza\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/PressenzaIPA\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043\",\"name\":\"R\u00e9daction France\",\"description\":\"News published by the Pressenza bureau in France\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/redactionfrance\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"COP21, entre guerre et paix","description":"Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"COP21, entre guerre et paix","og_description":"Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/","og_site_name":"Pressenza","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia","article_published_time":"2015-11-28T18:30:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-11-28T18:44:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":797,"url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"R\u00e9daction France","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@PressenzaIPA","twitter_site":"@PressenzaIPA","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"R\u00e9daction France","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/"},"author":{"name":"R\u00e9daction France","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043"},"headline":"COP21, entre guerre et paix","datePublished":"2015-11-28T18:30:28+00:00","dateModified":"2015-11-28T18:44:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/"},"wordCount":1584,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg","keywords":["COP21","D\u00e9r\u00e8\u00adgle\u00adments cli\u00adma\u00adtiques","guerre","Paix"],"articleSection":["International","Opinion","Paix et D\u00e9sarmement"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/","name":"COP21, entre guerre et paix","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg","datePublished":"2015-11-28T18:30:28+00:00","dateModified":"2015-11-28T18:44:00+00:00","description":"Par\u00a0Ben Cramer La plus grande con\u00adf\u00e9rence diplo\u00adma\u00adtique jamais r\u00e9u\u00adnie en France depuis la sig\u00adna\u00adture de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion uni\u00adverselle des droits de","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/COP21-entre-guerre-et-paix.jpg","width":750,"height":797},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/11\/cop21-entre-guerre-et-paix\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"COP21, entre guerre et paix"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/","name":"Pressenza","description":"International Press Agency","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization","name":"Pressenza","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Pressenza"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia","https:\/\/x.com\/PressenzaIPA"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/04218c80d92aefdc14aea32514c00043","name":"R\u00e9daction France","description":"News published by the Pressenza bureau in France","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr"],"url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/redactionfrance\/"}]}},"place":"","original_article_url":"http:\/\/www.athena21.org\/securite-ecologique\/dereglements-climatiques\/154-cop21-entre-guerres-et-paix","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/926"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248140"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248140\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/250565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}