{"id":21483,"date":"2012-10-25T22:21:14","date_gmt":"2012-10-25T22:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=21483"},"modified":"2012-10-26T19:57:33","modified_gmt":"2012-10-26T19:57:33","slug":"comment-mettre-fin-a-lexil-fiscal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/comment-mettre-fin-a-lexil-fiscal\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019exil fiscal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le souhait de magnat fran\u00e7ais Bernard Arnaud d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir la nationalit\u00e9 belge a relanc\u00e9 le d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019exil fiscal et le refus des gros patrimoines de s\u2019acquitter de leur devoir tributaire. Pourtant, il existe une solution simple et efficace pour mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale l\u00e9gale.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bernard Arnaud, premi\u00e8re fortune europ\u00e9enne et quatri\u00e8me fortune mondiale avec 40 milliards d\u2019euros, dont le salaire annuel s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 10 millions d\u2019euros et dont les placements lui rapportent chaque ann\u00e9e 200 millions d\u2019euros, a effectu\u00e9 une demande de naturalisation afin d\u2019obtenir la nationalit\u00e9 belge (1). D\u2019aucuns soup\u00e7onnent l\u2019homme le plus riche de France de vouloir \u00e9chapper ainsi \u00e0 son devoir de citoyen, comme plusieurs dizaines de milliers d\u2019exil\u00e9s fiscaux qui ont choisi de s\u2019installer dans des pays \u00e9trangers tels que la Suisse, la Belgique, le Royaume-Uni ou autre, qui offrent des avantages non n\u00e9gligeables pour les plus ais\u00e9s (2).<\/p>\n

Entre 1988 et 2006, 0,01% des Fran\u00e7ais les plus riches, environ 3\u00a0500 foyers fiscaux, ont vu leur revenu r\u00e9el augmenter de 42%. En guise de comparaison, sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, les 90% les moins ais\u00e9s ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 seulement d\u2019une hausse de 4,6% (3). Ainsi, l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale l\u00e9gale et ill\u00e9gale co\u00fbte chaque ann\u00e9e 50 milliards d\u2019euros \u00e0 l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais. Avec une telle somme, 500\u00a0000 logements sociaux \u00e0 100\u00a0000 euros pourraient \u00eatre construits chaque ann\u00e9e, ou bien on pourrait cr\u00e9er plus de 1,5 millions de postes dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation, la sant\u00e9, le social ou la culture.<\/p>\n

En Suisse, dans certains cantons, les r\u00e9sidents \u00e9trangers ne sont pas impos\u00e9s sur leurs revenus et leur patrimoine, mais uniquement sur leur train de vie, ce qui rend ses territoires tr\u00e8s attractifs pour les plus fortun\u00e9s. Dans ce pays, o\u00f9 r\u00e9sident pr\u00e8s de 2000 exil\u00e9s fiscaux fran\u00e7ais, les 43 familles les plus ais\u00e9es cumulent \u00e0 elles seules une fortune de 36,5 milliards d\u2019euros (4).<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019exil fiscal, l\u2019argument dominant en France, d\u00e9fendu par les milieux \u00e9conomiques, la droite et une certaine partie du centre-gauche, consiste \u00e0 pr\u00e9coniser une baisse du taux d\u2019imposition pour les cat\u00e9gories les plus ais\u00e9es. D\u2019ailleurs, d\u00e8s son \u00e9lection en 2007, l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident Nicolas Sarkozy avait fait adopter le bouclier fiscal \u2013 dispositif tributaire selon lequel les revenus d\u2019un contribuable ne peuvent pas \u00eatre tax\u00e9s \u00e0 plus de 50% (5).<\/p>\n

Pourtant, il existe un m\u00e9canisme applicable et efficace pour mettre un terme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale l\u00e9gale.<\/strong> Actuellement, l\u2019imposition est li\u00e9e au lieu de r\u00e9sidence. Ainsi, un exil\u00e9 fiscal fran\u00e7ais qui choisit de vivre plus de six mois par an en Suisse devient automatiquement un contribuable suisse et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie ainsi de sa l\u00e9gislation avantageuse. Il en est de m\u00eame pour le ressortissant fran\u00e7ais qui s\u2019installerait au Luxembourg, au Royaume-Uni ou en Belgique.<\/p>\n

Pour mettre un terme \u00e0 cette d\u00e9rive qui prive l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais, et donc les citoyens, de ressources cons\u00e9quentes, il suffirait simplement de lier l\u2019imposition \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 et non pas au lieu de r\u00e9sidence, et d\u2019appliquer une taxation diff\u00e9rentielle.<\/strong> Ce dispositif mettrait automatiquement un terme \u00e0 ce fl\u00e9au. Ainsi, un contribuable fran\u00e7ais r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en Suisse qui ne serait impos\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e0 hauteur de 35% dans son nouveau lieu de r\u00e9sidence, au lieu de 41% en France par exemple, serait l\u00e9galement contraint de payer la diff\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire 6%, rendant ainsi inutile toute expatriation pour des raisons d\u2019ordre fiscal.<\/p>\n

Cette pratique existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans des pays tels que les Etats-Unis. Les citoyens \u00e9tasuniens install\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger payent exactement le m\u00eame montant d\u2019imp\u00f4ts que leurs compatriotes rest\u00e9s sur le territoire national, et sont tax\u00e9s \u00e0 raison de leurs revenus mondiaux. D\u2019un point de vue technique, tous les pays du monde remettent chaque ann\u00e9e au D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor une liste des ressortissants \u00e9tasuniens \u00e9tablis chez eux. Ainsi, l\u2019exil fiscal n\u2019est plus possible, la seule alternative pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 l\u2019imp\u00f4t \u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale ill\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n

Pour contrer ce type de d\u00e9lit, le Congr\u00e8s \u00e9tasunien a adopt\u00e9 une loi qui permet \u00e0 toute personne \u2013 en particulier les employ\u00e9s des grandes banques \u2013 qui fournirait des informations sur des cas de fraude fiscale d\u2019obtenir jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30% des sommes r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es par l\u2019Etat. Ainsi, Bradley Birkenfeld, ancien employ\u00e9 de la banque suisse UBS, s\u2019est vu remettre la somme de 104 millions de dollars pour avoir livr\u00e9 des informations \u00ab\u00a0exceptionnelles \u00e0 la fois par leur ampleur et leur \u00e9tendue\u00a0\u00bb, sur les d\u00e9lits d\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale commis par les clients \u00e9tasuniens de la Banque. Cette information a permis au fisc \u00e9tasunien de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer une somme de cinq milliards de dollars et d\u2019obtenir la liste de tous les fraudeurs ayant un compte bancaire chez UBS (6).<\/p>\n

La France et l\u2019ensemble des nations europ\u00e9ennes et du monde seraient bien avis\u00e9es d\u2019adopter un mod\u00e8le tributaire qui permettrait d\u2019appliquer une taxation diff\u00e9rentielle, en liant l\u2019imposition \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 et non au simple lieu de r\u00e9sidence. De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, pour lutter contre l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale ill\u00e9gale, qui constitue une\u00a0 spoliation caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e de la richesse nationale et citoyenne, les d\u00e9linquants en col blanc doivent \u00eatre plus s\u00e9v\u00e8rement sanctionn\u00e9s, \u00e0 la hauteur du pr\u00e9judice caus\u00e9. Les plus fortun\u00e9s devront alors faire un choix\u00a0: leur nationalit\u00e9 et leur argent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0Ivan Letessier, \u00ab\u00a0Bernard Arnault, premi\u00e8re fortune de France\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Le Figaro<\/em>, 9 septembre 2012.<\/p>\n

(2) France Info<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, Exil\u00e9s fiscaux\u00a0: de quoi parle-t-on\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, 13 mars 2012.<\/p>\n

\n

(3)\u00a0L\u2019Humanit\u00e9<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est la loi qui autorise l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale, elle peut donc aussi l\u2019emp\u00eacher\u00a0\u00bb, 9 mars 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

(4) \u00a0Bilan<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0Les Fran\u00e7ais, r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s politiques en Suisse\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, 14 d\u00e9cembre 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

(5)\u00a0Le Figaro<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0Bouclier fiscal\u00a0: 750 millions d\u2019euros en 2012\u00a0\u00bb, 4 juillet 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

(6) \u00a020 minutes<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0R\u00e9compense record de 104 millions de dollars pour le d\u00e9nonciateur d\u2019UBS\u00a0\u00bb, 11 septembre 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Source originale :\u00a0http:\/\/operamundi.uol.com.br\/conteudo\/opiniao\/25018\/como+por+fim+ao+exilio+fiscal.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le souhait de magnat fran\u00e7ais Bernard Arnaud d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir la nationalit\u00e9 belge a relanc\u00e9 le d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019exil fiscal et le refus des gros patrimoines de s\u2019acquitter de leur devoir tributaire. Pourtant, il existe une solution simple et efficace pour mettre…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":859,"featured_media":21502,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,85,40],"tags":[1138,1137,1034,1136],"class_list":["post-21483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-europe-fr","category-international-fr","tag-evasion-fiscale","tag-fiscalite","tag-france-fr","tag-impots"],"yoast_head":"\nComment mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019exil fiscal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le souhait de magnat fran\u00e7ais Bernard Arnaud d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir la nationalit\u00e9 belge a relanc\u00e9 le d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019exil fiscal et le refus des gros patrimoines de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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Lamrani","description":"Docteur \u00e8s \u00c9tudes Ib\u00e9riques et Latino-am\u00e9ricaines de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris Sorbonne-Paris IV, Salim Lamrani est Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, et journaliste, sp\u00e9cialiste des relations entre Cuba et les \u00c9tats-Unis. Son dernier ouvrage s\u2019intitule \u00ab Cuba. Les m\u00e9dias face au d\u00e9fi de l\u2019impartialit\u00e9 \u00bb. Pr\u00e9face Eduardo Galeano, Paris, \u00c9ditions Estrella, 2013. PhD in Iberian and Latin-America studies from Sorbonne Paris IV University, Salim Lamrani is senior lecturer at the University of Reunion, journalist and specialist of Cuba - United States relations. His latest works (in French) is \"State of siege. 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