{"id":210366,"date":"2015-08-13T11:31:20","date_gmt":"2015-08-13T10:31:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=210366"},"modified":"2015-08-14T03:20:24","modified_gmt":"2015-08-14T02:20:24","slug":"jeudi-13-aout-jour-du-depassement-earth-overshoot-day","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/08\/jeudi-13-aout-jour-du-depassement-earth-overshoot-day\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeudi 13 ao\u00fbt, Jour du D\u00e9passement (Earth Overshoot Day)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les \u00e9missions de carbone continuent \u00e0 grossir l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique au-del\u00e0 du budget de la plan\u00e8te en ressources naturelles renouvelables<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(Oakland, Etats-Unis) \u2014 13 ao\u00fbt 2015 \u2014 Il aura fallu moins de huit mois \u00e0 l’humanit\u00e9 pour consommer toutes les ressources naturelles renouvelables que la Terre peut produire en un an, selon Global Footprint Network, une organisation internationale \u00e0 but non-lucratif. L\u2019absorption de dioxyde de carbone repr\u00e9sente plus de la moiti\u00e9 de la demande exerc\u00e9e par l\u2019humanit\u00e9 sur la nature.<\/p>\n

Depuis 2003, Global Footprint Network tient la comptabilit\u00e9 de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles par l’humanit\u00e9 (Empreinte Ecologique). Le centre d’analyse \u00e9value aussi la capacit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te \u00e0 r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer ses ressources et \u00e0 absorber les d\u00e9chets dont les \u00e9missions de carbone (biocapacit\u00e9). Le Jour du D\u00e9passement (\u00ab Earth Overshoot Day \u00bb) indique chaque ann\u00e9e la date \u00e0 laquelle l’Empreinte Ecologique d\u00e9passe la biocapacit\u00e9. Il intervient cette ann\u00e9e le 13 ao\u00fbt alors qu’il \u00e9tait tomb\u00e9 d\u00e9but octobre en 2000, selon Global Footprint Network \u2014 une indication claire que le processus d’\u00e9puisement des ressources naturelles s’acc\u00e9l\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019empreinte carbone de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 a plus que doubl\u00e9 entre 1961 et 1973 \u2014 p\u00e9riode \u00e0 laquelle l\u2019Empreinte globale a bascul\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 de la biocapacit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te \u2014 et constitue le plus gros facteur de l\u2019\u00e9cart croissant entre l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique et la biocapacit\u00e9, \u00bb indique Mathis Wackernagel, fondateur de Global Footprint Network et co-cr\u00e9ateur du mod\u00e8le de calcul de l’Empreinte Ecologique. \u00ab A ce titre, l\u2019accord international sur la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9nergies fossiles qui est en train d\u2019\u00eatre n\u00e9goci\u00e9 autour du monde \u00e0 l\u2019approche de la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques \u00e0 Paris, peut apporter une contribution majeure au ralentissement de la croissance de l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique et permettre m\u00eame de r\u00e9duire cette Empreinte sur le long terme. \u00bb<\/p>\n

L\u2019empreinte carbone est inextricablement li\u00e9e aux autres composants de l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique \u2014 production agricole, p\u00e2turages, for\u00eats, zones b\u00e2ties et pav\u00e9es. La demande exerc\u00e9e sur la biocapacit\u00e9 par les besoins en nourriture et produits forestiers, notamment, signifie que les \u00e9missions de carbone s\u2019accumulent dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re au lieu d\u2019\u00eatre compl\u00e8tement absorb\u00e9es. Pour la seule ann\u00e9e 2015, par exemple, 85% de la biocapacit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te serait n\u00e9cessaire pour absorber celles-ci.<\/p>\n

\u00ab En admettant que les \u00e9missions cessent d\u2019augmenter s\u00e9ance tenante et que la consommation de produits forestiers s\u2019arr\u00eate net, le double de la biocapacit\u00e9 actuelle des for\u00eats de la plan\u00e8te serait n\u00e9cessaire pour absorber tout le carbone \u00e9mis dans le monde, \u00bb souligne Wackernagel. Cela \u00e9quivaudrait \u00e0 la biocapacit\u00e9 combin\u00e9e de toutes les terres de production agricole et tous les p\u00e2turages de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La Conf\u00e9rence de Paris, l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique <\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019accord sur le climat attendu \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9rence de Paris en d\u00e9cembre prochain aura pour but de contenir le r\u00e9chauffement climatique en de\u00e7\u00e0 de 2\u00b0C par rapport aux temp\u00e9ratures de la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant la R\u00e9volution Industrielle. Cet objectif implique que les nations devront compl\u00e8tement \u00e9liminer les \u00e9nergies fossiles \u00e0 l\u2019horizon de 2070, conform\u00e9ment aux recommandations du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’\u00e9volution du climat (GIEC).<\/p>\n

L\u2019impact sur les Empreintes Ecologiques nationales sera significatif. En effet, en admettant que les \u00e9missions de carbone soient r\u00e9duites d\u2019ici 2030 de 30% par rapport aux niveaux actuels, conform\u00e9ment au sc\u00e9nario sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 par le GIEC, le Jour du D\u00e9passement n\u2019interviendrait alors pas avant le 16 septembre 2030, selon Global Footprint Network.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Earth<\/a><\/p>\n

Surexploitation prolong\u00e9e des ressources <\/strong><\/p>\n

Par contraste, si la tendance actuelle devait se poursuivre d\u2019ici 2030, nous nous retrouverions \u00e0 consommer deux fois autant de ressources naturelles que ce que la plan\u00e8te est capable de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer, autant dire que le Jour du D\u00e9passement tomberait fin juin, selon Global Footprint Network.<\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res estimations reposent sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que les tendances de croissance de la population, de la consommation et de la biocapacit\u00e9 demeurent inchang\u00e9es. On ignore n\u00e9anmoins pendant combien de temps l\u2019exploitation excessive des ressources peut \u00eatre soutenue sans endommager la biocapacit\u00e9 s\u00e9v\u00e8rement et sur le long terme, avec des cons\u00e9quences notables sur la croissance de la consommation et de la population.<\/p>\n

En attendant, il est certain en tout cas que le co\u00fbt de la surexploitation des ressources naturelles ne cesse d\u2019augmenter, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de d\u00e9forestation, s\u00e9cheresse, d\u00e9gradation des nappes phr\u00e9atiques, \u00e9rosion des sols, appauvrissement de la biodiversit\u00e9, ou encore accumulation de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Cette derni\u00e8re variable, en outre, serait un moteur d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des autres ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes si les mod\u00e8les actuels du changement du climat sont corrects.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, les l\u00e9gislateurs qui prennent en compte les contraintes des ressources naturelles seront mieux en mesure d\u2019assurer un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique favorable de leur pays sur le long terme.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"earth<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bient\u00f4t le tournant ? <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous observons des signes encourageants, comme l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du d\u00e9veloppement des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans le monde et la prise de conscience croissante dans les services financiers que la d\u00e9carbonisation de l\u2019\u00e9conomie est une \u00e9volution irr\u00e9m\u00e9diable, \u00bb dit Wackernagel. \u00ab Ceci dit, on ne peut jamais suffisamment insister sur l\u2019importance de la r\u00e9duction de l\u2019empreinte carbone, ainsi que les nations l\u2019envisagent dans le contexte de la Conf\u00e9rence de Paris. C\u2019est non seulement vital pour la plan\u00e8te, mais c\u2019est aussi une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de plus en plus importante pour chaque nation. \u00bb<\/p>\n

R\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte carbone aurait de multiples cons\u00e9quences favorables, au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019impact sur les changements du climat. \u00ab Il ne peut exister de d\u00e9veloppement durable que si tout le monde peut vivre d\u00e9cemment dans le contexte du budget \u00e9cologique de notre plan\u00e8te. Cela n\u2019est r\u00e9alisable que si nous ajustons notre Empreinte Ecologique aux ressources naturelles dont nous disposons, \u00bb indique Wackernagel.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Donn\u00e9es Publiques Gratuites 2015 (Empreintes Ecologiques de 182 pays):<\/p>\n

www.footprintnetwork.org\/public2015<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A propos de Global Footprint Network: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Global Footprint Network est un institut d’\u00e9tudes international sp\u00e9cialiste du d\u00e9veloppement durable. Sa mission est de placer les contraintes \u00e9cologiques au coeur des d\u00e9cisions gouvernementales gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’Empreinte Ecologique, un outil de gestion des ressources naturelles qui mesure combien de ressources sont disponibles, combien l’humanit\u00e9 consume et qui consomme quoi.<\/p>\n

www.footprintnetwork.org<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les \u00e9missions de carbone continuent \u00e0 grossir l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique au-del\u00e0 du budget de la plan\u00e8te en ressources naturelles renouvelables   (Oakland, Etats-Unis) \u2014 13 ao\u00fbt 2015 \u2014 Il aura fallu moins de huit mois \u00e0 l’humanit\u00e9 pour consommer toutes les…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":210191,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151,97,40],"tags":[6108,18514,4221,11925,19133,19140,279,19141,8182],"class_list":["post-210366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communique-de-presse","category-environnement-et-ecologie","category-international-fr","tag-agro-ecologie","tag-cop21-paris","tag-developpement-durable","tag-earth-overshoot-day","tag-earth-overshoot-day-2015","tag-empreinte-ecologique","tag-environnement","tag-jour-du-depassement","tag-terre"],"yoast_head":"\nJeudi 13 ao\u00fbt, Jour du D\u00e9passement (Earth Overshoot Day)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les \u00e9missions de carbone continuent \u00e0 grossir l\u2019Empreinte Ecologique au-del\u00e0 du budget de la plan\u00e8te en ressources renouvelables. 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