{"id":20390,"date":"2012-10-16T21:12:42","date_gmt":"2012-10-16T21:12:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=20390"},"modified":"2012-10-23T16:33:29","modified_gmt":"2012-10-23T16:33:29","slug":"les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/","title":{"rendered":"Les fossoyeurs de l&rsquo;Education"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Par Catherine Masoda<\/p>\n<p>Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons l\u2019\u00e9cole de la R\u00e9publique\u00a0\u00bb, ax\u00e9 sur 4 th\u00e8mes\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La r\u00e9ussite scolaire pour tous, les \u00e9l\u00e8ves au c\u0153ur de la refondation, des personnels form\u00e9s et reconnus, un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif efficace et juste\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Il faut dire que le gouvernement pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent n\u2019y a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 de main morte, creusant vaillamment la tombe de l\u2019Education Nationale. Pour cette rentr\u00e9e 2012, encore, les jeunes enseignants de l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire se retrouvaient devant une classe sans r\u00e9elle formation. Certes\u00a0: ils avaient un joli master et quelques semaines de stages (bien apr\u00e8s la rentr\u00e9e scolaire!). Mais au pied du tableau noir, un master ne fait pas le poids, devant une classe prompte au chahut, les difficult\u00e9s de gestion de groupe s\u2019additionnant au manque de savoir-faire p\u00e9dagogique.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame s\u2019ils ne comprennent pas bien les raisons de leurs malaises en classe, les enfants, eux, ne sont pas dupes, les plus en difficult\u00e9 allant parfois jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0demander avec insistance \u00e0 changer de classe. Et si les enfants des d\u00e9partements les moins favoris\u00e9s \u00e9conomiquement avaient l\u2019occasion d\u2019aller visiter les \u00e9coles d\u2019autres d\u00e9partements, ils demanderaient aussi \u00e0 changer d\u2019\u00e9cole\u00a0: les \u00e9tablissements scolaires sont aussi dans un triste \u00e9tat, comme cette \u00e9cole \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de la Seine Saint Denis o\u00f9, de v\u00e9tust\u00e9, une fen\u00eatre est tomb\u00e9e sur la table d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e8ve, heureusement interrog\u00e9 au tableau.<\/p>\n<p>Dans l\u2019\u00e9cole maternelle voisine, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique disjonctait plusieurs fois par semaine, et ce, pendant toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e, privant pour quelques heures les enfants de chauffage : il semblerait qu&rsquo;\u00e0 Montreuil les services municipaux, en charge des b\u00e2timents des maternelles et primaires, ont fort \u00e0 faire ! Sans parler de la p\u00e9nurie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de rempla\u00e7ants des enseignants, relevant elle du d\u00e9partement, donnant ainsi, et surtout en Seine Saint Denis, des jours, voire des semaines enti\u00e8res de vacances suppl\u00e9mentaires aux enfants.<\/p>\n<p>Plagiant Brassens, on aurait envie de chanter \u00ab\u00a0<em>parlez-moi des rythmes scolaires et je vous fous mon poing sur la g\u2026<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb. Et ne parlons pas non plus de la quasi-disparition des m\u00e9decins, infirmi\u00e8res et psychologues scolaires\u00a0!<\/p>\n<p>Cette situation lamentable aurait donn\u00e9 l\u2019id\u00e9e saugrenue \u00e0 des parents d\u2019organiser une action humanitaire pour les \u00e9coles de leurs propres enfants s\u2019ils n\u2019avaient d\u00fb se mobiliser pour des actions plus urgentes. Pr\u00e9cisons\u00a0: en m\u00e9tropole\u00a0!<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif efficace et juste\u00a0\u00bb, nos enfants en ont bien besoin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons l\u2019\u00e9cole de la R\u00e9publique\u00a0\u00bb, ax\u00e9 sur 4 th\u00e8mes\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La r\u00e9ussite scolaire pour tous, les \u00e9l\u00e8ves au c\u0153ur de&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":752,"featured_media":16237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,85,163],"tags":[857,999],"class_list":["post-20390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droits-de-lhomme","category-europe-fr","category-opinion-fr","tag-education-fr","tag-montreuil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les fossoyeurs de l&#039;Education<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les fossoyeurs de l&#039;Education\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pressenza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-10-16T21:12:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2012-10-23T16:33:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R\u00e9daction Paris\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"R\u00e9daction Paris\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"R\u00e9daction Paris\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/5698ef8d4c2a370cbdd59d5b17455af6\"},\"headline\":\"Les fossoyeurs de l&rsquo;Education\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-10-16T21:12:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-10-23T16:33:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\"},\"wordCount\":451,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Education\",\"Montreuil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Droits humains\",\"Europe\",\"Opinion\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\",\"name\":\"Les fossoyeurs de l'Education\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-10-16T21:12:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-10-23T16:33:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"students rally against civic education ploy\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les fossoyeurs de l&rsquo;Education\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Pressenza\",\"description\":\"International Press Agency\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pressenza\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg\",\"width\":200,\"height\":200,\"caption\":\"Pressenza\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/PressenzaIPA\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/5698ef8d4c2a370cbdd59d5b17455af6\",\"name\":\"R\u00e9daction Paris\",\"description\":\"News published by the Pressenza bureau in Paris, France\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/redaction-paris\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Les fossoyeurs de l'Education","description":"Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les fossoyeurs de l'Education","og_description":"Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons","og_url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/","og_site_name":"Pressenza","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia","article_published_time":"2012-10-16T21:12:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2012-10-23T16:33:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2048,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"R\u00e9daction Paris","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@PressenzaIPA","twitter_site":"@PressenzaIPA","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"R\u00e9daction Paris","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/"},"author":{"name":"R\u00e9daction Paris","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/5698ef8d4c2a370cbdd59d5b17455af6"},"headline":"Les fossoyeurs de l&rsquo;Education","datePublished":"2012-10-16T21:12:42+00:00","dateModified":"2012-10-23T16:33:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/"},"wordCount":451,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg","keywords":["Education","Montreuil"],"articleSection":["Droits humains","Europe","Opinion"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/","name":"Les fossoyeurs de l'Education","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg","datePublished":"2012-10-16T21:12:42+00:00","dateModified":"2012-10-23T16:33:29+00:00","description":"Par Catherine Masoda Mardi 9 octobre, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise, a re\u00e7u le rapport sur la concertation intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Refondons","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/students-edith-photo.jpg","width":2048,"height":1536,"caption":"students rally against civic education ploy"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2012\/10\/les-fossoyeurs-de-leducation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les fossoyeurs de l&rsquo;Education"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/","name":"Pressenza","description":"International Press Agency","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization","name":"Pressenza","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/pressenza_logo_200x200.jpg","width":200,"height":200,"caption":"Pressenza"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia","https:\/\/x.com\/PressenzaIPA"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/5698ef8d4c2a370cbdd59d5b17455af6","name":"R\u00e9daction Paris","description":"News published by the Pressenza bureau in Paris, France","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/redaction-paris\/"}]}},"place":"Paris","original_article_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/752"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20390"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20390\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}