{"id":1835041,"date":"2024-03-27T21:49:15","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T21:49:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1835041"},"modified":"2024-03-27T21:51:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T21:51:30","slug":"grandola-vila-morena-lhymne-de-la-revolution-au-portugal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/grandola-vila-morena-lhymne-de-la-revolution-au-portugal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u00a0Gr\u00e2ndola, Vila Morena\u00a0\u00bb, l’hymne de la r\u00e9volution au Portugal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article fait partie de la s\u00e9rie \u00ab\u00a050 ans apr\u00e8s : Vive la R\u00e9volution<\/strong><\/em> des \u0152illets<\/em><\/strong> \u00bb que PRESSENZA publie en mars et avril 2024. La \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volution des \u0152illets\u00a0\u00bb de 1974-1975 a apport\u00e9 la libert\u00e9 aux Portugais apr\u00e8s 48 ans de fascisme et l’ind\u00e9pendance aux colonies portugaises d’Afrique apr\u00e8s 500 ans de domination imp\u00e9riale.<\/em><\/p>\n

Les articles de cette s\u00e9rie peuvent \u00eatre lus ici : en fran\u00e7ais<\/a>, <\/strong>en portugais<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Le 25 avril 1974, un coup d’\u00c9tat a \u00e9t\u00e9 perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 au Portugal par plusieurs centaines de soldats portugais, regroup\u00e9s au sein du MFA Mouvement des forces arm\u00e9es, qui voulaient renverser la dictature fasciste au Portugal et r\u00e9tablir la libert\u00e9 du peuple portugais. C’est ce jour-l\u00e0 qu’est n\u00e9e spontan\u00e9ment la \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volution des \u0152<\/em>illets\u00a0\u00bb, qui doit son nom au fait que tout le monde a mis des \u0153illets – la fleur de la saison – sur le revers de son manteau et sur les fusils vides des soldats, en signe de paix, de bonheur et d’espoir.<\/p>\n

Mais plus encore que la libert\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e du peuple portugais, c’est l’ind\u00e9pendance des colonies portugaises d’Afrique\u00a0: Angola, Mozambique, Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, Cap-Vert et S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe qui est rendue possible par le MFA. Il s’agissait des derni\u00e8res colonies portugaises et, avec la fin du colonialisme portugais, le colonialisme europ\u00e9en a \u00e9galement pris fin – du moins dans sa forme classique (par l’occupation des territoires et la domination compl\u00e8te sur les populations).<\/p>\n

L’ind\u00e9pendance des colonies a donc peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 la principale raison qui a pouss\u00e9 les militaires \u00e0 chasser le r\u00e9gime fasciste, ce qui les a oblig\u00e9s \u00e0 se battre dans trois colonies en m\u00eame temps : Angola, Mozambique et Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, contre les mouvements ind\u00e9pendantistes respectifs, qui avaient jusqu’alors \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9s de \u00ab\u00a0terroristes\u00a0\u00bb… Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le Portugal \u00e9tait en train de perdre ces guerres, qui co\u00fbtaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 du budget de l’\u00c9tat portugais. Donner l’ind\u00e9pendance aux colonies n’\u00e9tait donc pas un acte de bienveillance, mais une fa\u00e7on de reconna\u00eetre les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s\u2026<\/p>\n

Au Portugal, d\u00e8s le premier jour du coup d’\u00c9tat, la population n’est pas rest\u00e9e chez elle dans la peur, mais est imm\u00e9diatement descendue dans la rue pour c\u00e9l\u00e9brer la fin du fascisme et la libert\u00e9, remercier les militaires et se battre pour plus de libert\u00e9s. De nombreux hommes d’affaires ont fui le pays de peur de perdre leurs biens au profit d’un nouveau r\u00e9gime socialiste, laissant ainsi leurs entreprises ou leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 l’abandon.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, les gens ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 occuper des usines et des fermes en autogestion pour survivre. Les syndicats, enfin libres eux aussi, ont r\u00e9clam\u00e9 de meilleurs salaires et conditions de travail. Les enseignants ont joui d’une libert\u00e9 et d’une cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 in\u00e9gal\u00e9es \u00e0 ce jour. Tous ces mouvements populaires ont constitu\u00e9 la \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volution des \u0152illets<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, qui a dur\u00e9 du 25 avril 1974 au 25 novembre 1975, date \u00e0 laquelle un coup d’\u00c9tat militaire mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment conservateur a chass\u00e9 les repr\u00e9sentants du Mouvement des forces arm\u00e9es MFA les plus \u00e0 gauche et a ouvert la voie au Portugal pour qu’il rejoigne le chemin capitaliste de la plupart des pays d’Europe de l’Ouest\u2026<\/p>\n

La R\u00e9volution des \u0152illets a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 une \u00e9poque romantique o\u00f9 des id\u00e9es nouvelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en pratique, des utopies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es m\u00eame si ce n’\u00e9tait que pour un temps limit\u00e9, et ce dans tous les domaines : autogestion de l’\u00e9conomie et de l’\u00e9ducation, \u00e9mancipation des femmes, \u00e9norme cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 dans la culture, libert\u00e9 totale de la presse et des m\u00e9dias (bien plus grande qu’aujourd’hui), forte solidarit\u00e9 internationale, etc. Et, comme \u00ab\u00a0l’or sur le bleu\u00a0\u00bb, ce fut une r\u00e9volution pratiquement sans morts, pacifique, ce qui explique aussi qu’elle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 admir\u00e9e par de nombreux r\u00e9volutionnaires d’autres pays !<\/p>\n

Nous n’oublierons jamais ces exp\u00e9riences et, m\u00eame s’il s’agit d’une r\u00e9volution avort\u00e9e au bout d’un an et demi, nombre de ses acquis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s, en particulier dans les domaines de la d\u00e9mocratie politique et des libert\u00e9s individuelles. Mais la lutte pour une v\u00e9ritable justice sociale et l’\u00e9galit\u00e9 des droits pour tous les portugais doit se poursuivre… toujours en s’inspirant de la r\u00e9volution des \u0152illets !<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Gr\u00e2ndola, Vila Morena<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, [NdT: Gr\u00e2ndola est une ville au Portugal] une chanson populaire de solidarit\u00e9 \u00e9crite en 1964 par le grand auteur-compositeur portugais Jos\u00e9 Afonso en l’honneur de la ville de Gr\u00e2ndola dans l’Alentejo\/Portugal, a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie par le MAE Mouvement des forces arm\u00e9es comme le \u00ab\u00a0feu vert\u00a0\u00bb final qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 le coup d’\u00c9tat du 25 avril, lorsqu’elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9e sur la R\u00e1dio Renascen\u00e7a <\/em>\u00e0 0h20 le m\u00eame jour. Depuis, elle est devenue l’hymne de la r\u00e9volution pour tous les Portugais !<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ndola, vila morena<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Gr\u00e2ndola, vila morena <\/strong>\/ Gr\u00e2ndola, ville brune
\nTerra da fraternidade<\/strong> \/Terre de fraternit\u00e9
\nO povo \u00e9 quem mais ordena<\/strong> \/ Le peuple est celui qui commande le plus
\nDentro de ti, \u00f3 cidade<\/strong> \/ En toi, cit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Dentro de ti, \u00f3 cidade<\/strong> \/ En toi, cit\u00e9
\nO povo \u00e9 quem mais ordena<\/strong> \/ Le peuple est celui qui commande le plus
\nTerra da fraternidade<\/strong> \/Terre de fraternit\u00e9
\nGr\u00e2ndola, vila morena <\/strong>\/ Gr\u00e2ndola, ville brune<\/p>\n

Em cada esquina um amigo <\/strong>\/ \u00c0 chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9, un ami
\nEm cada rosto igualdade <\/strong>\/ Sur chaque visage, l’\u00e9galit\u00e9
\nGr\u00e2ndola, vila morena<\/strong> \/ Gr\u00e2ndola, ville brune
\nTerra da fraternidade <\/strong>\/ Terre de fraternit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Terra da fraternidade <\/strong>\/ Terre de fraternit\u00e9
\nGr\u00e2ndola, Vila Morena<\/strong> \/ Gr\u00e2ndola, ville brune
\nEm cada rosto igualdade <\/strong>\/ Sur chaque visage, l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9
\nO povo \u00e9 quem mais ordena <\/strong>\/ Le peuple est celui qui commande le plus<\/p>\n

\u00c0 sombra duma azinheira <\/strong>\/ A l’ombre d’un ch\u00eane vert
\nQue j\u00e1 n\u00e3o sabia a idade <\/strong>\/ Qui ne savait plus son \u00e2ge
\nJurei ter por companheira <\/strong>\/ J’ai jur\u00e9 d’avoir pour compagne
\nGr\u00e2ndola a tua vontade <\/strong>\/ Gr\u00e2ndola, ta volont\u00e9<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ndola a tua vontade <\/strong>\/ Gr\u00e2ndola, ta volont\u00e9
\nJurei ter por companheira <\/strong>\/ J’ai jur\u00e9 d’avoir pour compagne
\n\u00c0 sombra duma azinheira <\/strong>\/ A l’ombre d’un ch\u00eane vert
\nQue j\u00e1 n\u00e3o sabia a idade <\/strong>\/ Qui ne savait plus son \u00e2ge
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\"\"<\/p>\n

Peinture murale du 25 avril 1974 : Jos\u00e9 Afonso dans la ville de Gr\u00e2ndola. Cr\u00e9dit image : Pressenza.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Traduction, Evelyn Tischer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article fait partie de la s\u00e9rie \u00ab\u00a050 ans apr\u00e8s : Vive la R\u00e9volution des \u0152illets \u00bb que PRESSENZA publie en mars et avril 2024. La \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volution des \u0152illets\u00a0\u00bb de 1974-1975 a apport\u00e9 la libert\u00e9 aux Portugais apr\u00e8s 48 ans…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2222,"featured_media":1835045,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11386,85,163,93],"tags":[121386,246,5346,121387,121391,121392,3813,121388],"class_list":["post-1835041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contenu-original","category-europe-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-politique","tag-25-avril-1974","tag-coup-detat","tag-fascisme","tag-fin-du-colonialisme","tag-grandola-vila-morena-fr","tag-jose-afonso-fr","tag-portugal-fr","tag-revolution-des-oeillets"],"yoast_head":"\n"Gr\u00e2ndola, Vila Morena", l'hymne de la r\u00e9volution au Portugal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cet article fait partie de la s\u00e9rie \u00ab\u00a050 ans apr\u00e8s : Vive la R\u00e9volution des \u0152illets \u00bb que PRESSENZA publie en mars et avril 2024. 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