{"id":1830400,"date":"2024-03-06T22:50:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T22:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1830400"},"modified":"2024-03-06T23:11:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T23:11:42","slug":"abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/","title":{"rendered":"Abolir l’esclavage en Mauritanie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration Universelle des droits de l’Homme de 1948, des conventions internationales\u00a0 d\u00e9noncent et interdisent la mise en esclavage d’\u00eatres humains. Elles sont ratifi\u00e9es par l’ensemble des \u00e9tats de la plan\u00e8te. Pourtant il existe en d\u00e9pit de ces trait\u00e9s des \u00e9tats qui pratiquent encore l’esclavage. La R\u00e9publique\u00a0 Islamique de Mauritanie est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement point\u00e9e du doigt pour cela. Pressenza a rencontr\u00e9 Diko Hanoune, pr\u00e9sident de l’Association des Haratines de Mauritanie en Europe.<\/em><\/p>\n

1-Vous \u00eates le pr\u00e9sident de l’Association des Haratines de Mauritanie. Pouvez-vous pr\u00e9senter votre association ?<\/p>\n

J\u2019appr\u00e9cie l\u2019agence Pressenza de m\u2019avoir donn\u00e9 l\u2019occasion de s\u2019exprimer dans ses colonnes. Je m\u2019appelle Diko Hanoune, je suis le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Association des Haratine de Mauritanie en Europe (A.H.M.E). Je suis titulaire d\u2019un bac des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et climatiques.\u00a0 Le pr\u00e9sident de notre association s\u2019appelle Dr Mohamed Yahya Ould Cir\u00e9, nous l\u2019avons cr\u00e9\u00e9e le 13 juillet 2001. Le pr\u00e9sident \u00a0a \u00e9crit deux livres \u00a0sur la question de l\u2019esclavage en Mauritanie. Le premier \u00a0s\u2019appelle \u00ab\u00a0L’abolition de l’esclavage en Mauritanie et les difficult\u00e9s de son application\u00a0\u00bb, le second\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Mauritanie entre l\u2019esclavage et le racisme\u00a0\u00bb. C\u2019est une association des droits de la personne \u00e0 caract\u00e8re non ethnique et non racial.<\/p>\n

Nos objectifs sont\u00a0:
\u2013\u00a0Abolition de l\u2019esclavage en Mauritanie,
\u2013 \u00c9radication du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dans toutes ses manifestations,
\u2013 D\u00e9noncer les esclavagistes et la complicit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat mauritanien,
\u2013 Sensibiliser l\u2019opinion europ\u00e9enne, africaine et internationale sur cette question.<\/p>\n

Vous avez la possibilit\u00e9 de consulter notre site au\u00a0www.haratine.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2-L’esclavage a une longue histoire en Afrique de l’Ouest. Depuis quand les pratiques esclavagistes existent-elles en Mauritanie ?<\/p>\n

Les pratiques esclavagistes remontent depuis l\u2019antiquit\u00e9 et continuent de nos jours. Elles n\u2019ont jamais cess\u00e9 malheureusement. Elles ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 la traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re et la colonisation. La traite arabo-musulmane est bien avant la traite atlantique et peu de gens en parlent. Dans la zone de l\u2019actuelle Mauritanie, les arabes, berb\u00e8res et les f\u00e9odaux noirs ce sont toujours donn\u00e9s les moyens de continuer \u00e0 poss\u00e9der leurs esclaves m\u00eame pendant la colonisation avec la complicit\u00e9 des colons fran\u00e7ais. Voila pourquoi il est difficile de parler de l\u2019esclavage en Mauritanie sur le sol Fran\u00e7ais et se faire entendre en haut lieu.<\/p>\n

3-Entre 1903 et 1960, ce pays \u00e9tait une colonie fran\u00e7aise. Est-ce que la question de l’esclavage a connu une \u00e9volution \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode ?<\/p>\n

Je vous disais plus haut que l\u2019esclavage n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 m\u00eame pendant la colonisation malgr\u00e9 la promulgation du fameux d\u00e9cret d\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage en 1905 dans les colonies. Les tribus arabo-berb\u00e8res avaient n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec les colons fran\u00e7ais qu\u2019on leur laisse leurs esclaves en \u00e9change de leur collaboration avec l\u2019occupant. C\u2019est l\u2019une des raisons qui explique que le d\u00e9cret de 1905 fut appliqu\u00e9 dans le cot\u00e9 sud de la Mauritanie non \u00a0dans le nord habit\u00e9 par les arabo-berb\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

4-Officillement l’esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 aboli en Mauritanie et pourtant il perdure toujours. Peut-on \u00e9valuer aujourd’hui le nombre de personnes en situation d’esclavage dans votre pays ?<\/p>\n

Officiellement, il y a eu plusieurs effets d\u2019annonce sur l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage en Mauritanie mais la volont\u00e9 politique n\u2019y ait pas. Le premier d\u00e9cret de l\u2019abolition du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne date de 1981, il donnait droit \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des maitres \u00e0 la place des victimes de l\u2019esclavage. Ensuite la loi de 2007 a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019ouvrir vers des peines de\u00a0 prison ferme pour les esclavagistes. En 2015, l\u2019esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 criminalis\u00e9 dans la constitution. Tout \u00e7a a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenu gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la \u00a0feuille de route des Nations Unies. Le probl\u00e8me est que la loi n\u2019est pas appliqu\u00e9e. Le gouvernement adopte la politique du d\u00e9ni sur l\u2019existence de l\u2019esclavage. Nous demandons, comme les Nations Unies, le recensement des Haratines victimes de l\u2019esclavage. Mais l\u2019Etat refuse de se soumettre \u00e0 cette id\u00e9e pour continuer de garder la confusion en assimilant les Haratine aux arabes dans le but de gonfler d\u00e9mographiquement la population arabe et permettre aux maitres d\u2019esclaves d\u2019occuper tous les postes juteux dans l\u2019administration au nom d\u2019une majorit\u00e9 arabe fictive. Les maitres d\u2019esclaves chefs de tribus sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des grands \u00e9lecteurs pour le parti au pouvoir.<\/p>\n

5-Votre association est tr\u00e8s active \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur comme \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur des fronti\u00e8res votre pays. Quelles sont les actions men\u00e9es actuellement par l’association des Haratines de Mauritanie ?<\/p>\n

Nos actions \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur comme \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur se limitent \u00e0 la d\u00e9nonciation des esclavagistes et la complicit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat mauritanien avec ces esclavagistes. Nous assurons le r\u00f4le avant-gardiste pour prot\u00e9ger les abolitionnistes le mieux qu\u2019on peut. Ceux-ci\u00a0 sont \u00a0malmen\u00e9s lors des manifestations en soutien aux \u00a0esclaves victimes, ils sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s, tortur\u00e9s et emprisonn\u00e9s. Nous assurons le r\u00f4le de lanceur d\u2019alerte en cas d\u2019arrestations, de menaces o\u00f9 de violences sur les abolitionnistes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

6-Du fait des obstacles que vous rencontrez dans votre action de la part des autorit\u00e9s mauritaniennes, l’aide ext\u00e9rieure n’est pas de trop. Si l’on veut aider votre association, comment peut-on faire ?<\/p>\n

Effectivement, nous n\u2019avons pas de subventions, nous avons besoin de financer certaines proc\u00e9dures devant les tribunaux tr\u00e8s couteuses. Nous avons besoin de soutenir les esclaves lib\u00e9r\u00e9s que l\u2019Etat Mauritanien ne veut pas prendre en charge. Lorsque nos camarades \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s, il nous faut des moyens pour les soutenir. Toutes les aides sont les bienvenues. Vous pouvez contribuer directement en cliquant sur ce lien vers FICHE TECHNIQUE DE L\u2019A.H.M.E : https:\/\/haratine.com\/Site\/?page_id=34<\/a><\/p>\n

Je remercie les lecteurs nombreux du site Pressenza.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration Universelle des droits de l’Homme de 1948, des conventions internationales\u00a0 d\u00e9noncent et interdisent la mise en esclavage d’\u00eatres humains. Elles sont ratifi\u00e9es par l’ensemble des \u00e9tats de la plan\u00e8te. Pourtant il existe en d\u00e9pit de ces…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":940,"featured_media":1830404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,11386,98,156,1248],"tags":[1002,120695],"class_list":["post-1830400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-contenu-original","category-droits-de-lhomme","category-interview-fr","category-nonviolence-sujet","tag-droits-humains","tag-esclavage-mauritanie-afrique"],"yoast_head":"\nAbolir l'esclavage en Mauritanie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration Universelle des droits de l'Homme de 1948, des conventions internationales\u00a0 d\u00e9noncent et interdisent la mise en esclavage\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Abolir l'esclavage en Mauritanie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la D\u00e9claration Universelle des droits de l'Homme de 1948, des conventions internationales\u00a0 d\u00e9noncent et interdisent la mise en esclavage\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pressenza\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PressenzaItalia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-06T22:50:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-06T23:11:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HanouneDiko.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Olivier Flumian\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PressenzaIPA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Olivier Flumian\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Olivier Flumian\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/accdb8e73379d6af6920c197529d9697\"},\"headline\":\"Abolir l’esclavage en Mauritanie\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-06T22:50:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-06T23:11:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/\"},\"wordCount\":1030,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/abolir-lesclavage-en-mauritanie\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HanouneDiko.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Droits humains\",\"Esclavage; 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