{"id":1780736,"date":"2023-11-11T19:43:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-11T19:43:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1780736"},"modified":"2023-12-01T21:18:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T21:18:23","slug":"lafrique-une-histoire-a-redecouvrir-31-la-soupe-de-lindependance-dhaiti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2023\/11\/lafrique-une-histoire-a-redecouvrir-31-la-soupe-de-lindependance-dhaiti\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir. 31 – La soupe de l’ind\u00e9pendance d’Ha\u00efti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plus je d\u00e9couvre et red\u00e9couvre l’histoire du continent africain (Kama), plus je me rends compte que m\u00eame les plats ont une histoire \u00e0 nous raconter sur le pass\u00e9, le pr\u00e9sent et le futur.<\/p>\n

Je me demande de plus en plus si certaines habitudes culinaires sont vraiment les n\u00f4tres ou si elles sont le fruit d’\u00e9changes entre les peuples. Ainsi, de nombreux plats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits par la force, sur la base d’une id\u00e9e de domination politique et sociale. Le sujet \u00e9tant tr\u00e8s vaste, je me concentrerai sur trois aliments : le ma\u00efs, le manioc et l’igname, et enfin sur la soupe de l’ind\u00e9pendance d’Ha\u00efti.<\/p>\n

Histoire et cuisine<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lorsque je rencontre des personnes originaires de diff\u00e9rents pays du continent africain, j’essaie de manger des plats africains. Par exemple, le tchisaniama, b\u0153uf grill\u00e9 d’Afrique du Sud, une recette tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue avant l’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens, le fufu ghan\u00e9en (une sorte de polenta \u00e0 base de farine de manioc et de banane et de bouillon de poulet) et le zigini \u00e9rythr\u00e9en (un rago\u00fbt de viande, de l\u00e9gumes et de l\u00e9gumineuses, servi sur du pain injera) (ndt : le pain injera est un pain \u00e9thiopien semblable \u00e0 un cr\u00eape). Les plats africains constituent une v\u00e9ritable biblioth\u00e8que d’informations.<\/p>\n

Le manioc et le ma\u00efs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits en Afrique centrale vers 1482, au contact des Portugais, et \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 cultiv\u00e9s en Am\u00e9rique du Sud. Les Portugais ont br\u00fbl\u00e9 les champs d’igname, de sorgho et d’autres tubercules et c\u00e9r\u00e9ales pour imposer le manioc, qui fait aujourd’hui partie de la culture culinaire congolaise.<\/p>\n

Cultiv\u00e9 aujourd’hui au Cameroun, au Nigeria, au Congo et en C\u00f4te d’Ivoire, le cacao est en fait originaire d’Am\u00e9rique du Sud et \u00e9tait inconnu en Europe et sur d’autres continents avant la d\u00e9couverte du Nouveau Monde. Le chocolat est devenu si important pour l’Occident qu’il a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 des conflits entre l’Espagne et le Portugal. Aujourd’hui, le Ghana et la C\u00f4te d’Ivoire sont parmi les premiers producteurs du cacao introduit par les colons anglais et fran\u00e7ais. Le cacao est maintenant devenu un produit culturel.<\/p>\n

Et nous arrivons \u00e0 la Soupe de l’Ind\u00e9pendance, un plat ha\u00eftien qui a particuli\u00e8rement retenu mon attention. Pour soutenir la lutte contre le blocus des fran\u00e7ais et nourrir l’arm\u00e9e, Marie Glorieuse F\u00e9licit\u00e9, \u00e9pouse de Jean-Jacques Dessalines, surnomm\u00e9 le Napol\u00e9on noir, qui deviendra plus tard le premier empereur d’Ha\u00efti, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la \u00ab\u00a0Zuppa joumou\u00a0\u00bb avec une sorte de courge (appel\u00e9e jrumum par les Indiens des Cara\u00efbes qui l’ont introduite dans l’\u00eele), de la viande, des carottes, du persil et des patates douces.<\/p>\n

Le plat est devenu un symbole de libert\u00e9 et d’\u00e9galit\u00e9 ; en Ha\u00efti, il est servi chaque ann\u00e9e le 1er janvier pour comm\u00e9morer l’ind\u00e9pendance obtenue en 1804, qui a fait de ce pays la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9publique noire du monde, n\u00e9e d’une r\u00e9volte d’esclaves, et le deuxi\u00e8me \u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant d’Am\u00e9rique apr\u00e8s les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

En 2021, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrit au patrimoine immat\u00e9riel de l’UNESCO \u00ab\u00a0pour donner un signe d’encouragement et d’unit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 une population touch\u00e9e par des catastrophes naturelles et vivant dans un \u00e9tat d’urgence humanitaire permanent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduit de l’italien par Evelyn Tischer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plus je d\u00e9couvre et red\u00e9couvre l’histoire du continent africain (Kama), plus je me rends compte que m\u00eame les plats ont une histoire \u00e0 nous raconter sur le pass\u00e9, le pr\u00e9sent et le futur. Je me demande de plus en plus…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1519,"featured_media":1780742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,88,11386,94],"tags":[39130,117740,2970,117741,2986],"class_list":["post-1780736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-amerique-centrale","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","tag-afrique-fr","tag-cuisine","tag-haiti-fr","tag-soupe-de-lindependance","tag-unesco-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nL'Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir. 31 - La soupe de l'ind\u00e9pendance d'Ha\u00efti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Plus je d\u00e9couvre et red\u00e9couvre l'histoire du continent africain (Kama), plus je me rends compte que m\u00eame les plats ont une histoire \u00e0 nous raconter sur le\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2023\/11\/lafrique-une-histoire-a-redecouvrir-31-la-soupe-de-lindependance-dhaiti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir. 31 - 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