{"id":1780200,"date":"2023-11-09T17:04:12","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T17:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1780200"},"modified":"2023-11-19T23:14:18","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T23:14:18","slug":"des-milliers-de-galaxies-similaires-a-la-voie-lactee-parmi-les-plus-anciennes-de-lunivers-remettent-en-question-les-theories-de-levolution-cosmique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2023\/11\/des-milliers-de-galaxies-similaires-a-la-voie-lactee-parmi-les-plus-anciennes-de-lunivers-remettent-en-question-les-theories-de-levolution-cosmique\/","title":{"rendered":"Des milliers de galaxies similaires \u00e0 la Voie lact\u00e9e, parmi les plus anciennes de l’univers, remettent en question les th\u00e9ories de l’\u00e9volution cosmique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les observations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es avec le t\u00e9lescope spatial James Webb ont montr\u00e9 que les galaxies \u00e0 disque \u00e2g\u00e9es de moins de 6 milliards d’ann\u00e9es sont plus fr\u00e9quentes que ne le pensaient les chercheurs qui se basaient sur les donn\u00e9es du t\u00e9lescope Hubble.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Un groupe international d’astronomes a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois l’existence d’un grand nombre de galaxies dans l’univers primitif qui sont similaires \u00e0 la Voie lact\u00e9e<\/strong> parce qu’elles ont la m\u00eame composante structurelle que notre galaxie, a rapport\u00e9<\/a> ce 22\/09 l’Universit\u00e9 de Manchester (Royaume-Uni).<\/p>\n

La Voie lact\u00e9e est la galaxie spirale dans laquelle se trouve notre syst\u00e8me solaire, et donc notre plan\u00e8te. On sait<\/a> que dans les galaxies spirales, un grand nombre d’\u00e9toiles sont regroup\u00e9es sous la forme d’un disque mince <\/strong>avec un bulbe sph\u00e9rique central contenant des corps c\u00e9lestes. Le disque galactique comporte souvent des bras lumineux o\u00f9 se concentrent les \u00e9toiles les plus jeunes et les plus brillantes.<\/p>\n

Les scientifiques ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que les galaxies spirales \u00e9taient plus courantes dans l’univers proche (moderne). Ils consid\u00e9raient toutefois que ces objets astronomiques \u00e9taient trop fragiles pour exister dans l’univers lointain (avant le Big Bang), car les collisions entre galaxies \u00e9taient plus probables, donnant lieu \u00e0 des formations galactiques aux structures \u00e9tranges et irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

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Contredisant l’\u00e9volution de l’univers<\/strong><\/p>\n

De nouvelles recherches, publi\u00e9es dans The Astrophysical Journal, <\/em>font \u00e9tat<\/a> de la d\u00e9couverte de galaxies spirales datant d’une \u00e9poque ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la date de naissance suppos\u00e9e jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent pour ce type de galaxies. (NdE : 3.5 milliards d’ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le Big Bang, au lieu de 6 milliards d’ann\u00e9es). Ces d\u00e9couvertes vont \u00e0 l’encontre des th\u00e9ories actuelles sur l’\u00e9volution des galaxies dans l’univers au cours des 10 derni\u00e8res milliards d’ann\u00e9es.<\/b><\/p>\n

Les observations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es avec le t\u00e9lescope spatial James Webb ont montr\u00e9 que les galaxies \u00e0 disque \u00e2g\u00e9es de moins de 6 milliards d’ann\u00e9es sont dix fois plus nombreuses que ce que les chercheurs pensaient sur la base des informations obtenues pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment avec le t\u00e9lescope Hubble.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Pendant plus de 30 ans, on a pens\u00e9 que ces galaxies \u00e0 disque<\/strong> \u00e9taient rares dans l’univers primitif en raison des rencontres violentes habituelles des galaxies \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Leonardo Ferreira, astronome \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Victoria (Canada), soulignant que les capacit\u00e9s du James Webb ont permis de mieux comprendre les structures de ces galaxies avant la formation de l’univers.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D’autre part, les sp\u00e9cialistes ont fait remarquer que ces r\u00e9sultats sont le signe que la structure galactique de l’univers se forme beaucoup plus rapidement que pr\u00e9vu, ce qui modifie la compr\u00e9hension de son origine. Le professeur Christopher Conselice a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que ces observations soul\u00e8vent \u00e9galement des questions sur le r\u00f4le et les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la \u00ab mati\u00e8re noire dans l’univers primitif \u00bb<\/strong>, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu’il existe tr\u00e8s peu d’informations \u00e0 son sujet.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduit de l’espagnol par Evelyn Tischer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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