{"id":175936,"date":"2015-04-09T09:55:15","date_gmt":"2015-04-09T08:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=175936"},"modified":"2015-04-09T09:55:15","modified_gmt":"2015-04-09T08:55:15","slug":"eloge-des-syndicats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2015\/04\/eloge-des-syndicats\/","title":{"rendered":"Eloge des syndicats"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par<\/strong> Serge Halimi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Puisque chacun pr\u00e9tend se soucier de l\u2019envol des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, pourquoi cette analyse du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (FMI) est-elle pass\u00e9e \u00e0 ce point inaper\u00e7ue\u00a0(1<\/a>)\u00a0<\/small>? En raison de ses conclusions\u00a0<\/small>? Dans une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en mars dernier, deux \u00e9conomistes issues de ce temple du lib\u00e9ralisme rel\u00e8vent \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>l\u2019existence d\u2019un lien entre la baisse du taux de syndicalisation et l\u2019augmentation de la part des revenus les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans les pays avanc\u00e9s durant la p\u00e9riode\u00a01980-2010\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb.<\/i> Comment expliquent-elles ce lien\u00a0<\/small>? \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>En r\u00e9duisant l\u2019influence des salari\u00e9s sur les d\u00e9cisions des entreprises\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb,<\/i> l\u2019affaiblissement des syndicats a permis d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0<\/small>augmenter la part des revenus constitu\u00e9s par les r\u00e9mun\u00e9rations de la haute direction et des actionnaires\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb.<\/i><\/p>\n

Selon ces \u00e9conomistes du FMI, \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>une moiti\u00e9 environ\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb<\/i> du creusement des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s que les lib\u00e9raux pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent traditionnellement attribuer \u00e0 des facteurs impersonnels (mondialisation, technologies, etc.) d\u00e9coulerait du d\u00e9clin des organisations de salari\u00e9s. Doit-on s\u2019en \u00e9tonner\u00a0<\/small>? Quand le syndicalisme, point d\u2019appui historique de la plupart des avanc\u00e9es \u00e9mancipatrices, s\u2019efface, tout se d\u00e9grade, tout se d\u00e9place. Son an\u00e9mie ne peut qu\u2019aiguiser l\u2019app\u00e9tit des d\u00e9tenteurs du capital. Et son absence, lib\u00e9rer une place qu\u2019envahissent aussit\u00f4t l\u2019extr\u00eame droite et l\u2019int\u00e9grisme religieux, s\u2019employant l\u2019une comme l\u2019autre \u00e0 diviser des groupes sociaux dont l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat serait de se montrer solidaires.<\/p>\n

Or l\u2019effacement du syndicalisme ne tient ni du hasard ni de la fatalit\u00e9. En avril\u00a01947, alors que l\u2019Occident s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 conna\u00eetre trente ans de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 un peu mieux partag\u00e9e, Friedrich Hayek, un penseur lib\u00e9ral qui a marqu\u00e9 son si\u00e8cle, dresse d\u00e9j\u00e0 la feuille de route de ses amis politiques\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>Si nous voulons entretenir le moindre espoir d\u2019un retour \u00e0 une \u00e9conomie de libert\u00e9, la question de la restriction du pouvoir syndical est une des plus importantes.\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb<\/i> Hayek pr\u00eache alors dans le d\u00e9sert, mais quelques d\u00e9cennies plus tard, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019intervention directe \u2014 et brutale \u2014 de deux de ses admirateurs, Ronald Reagan et Margaret Thatcher, lors de conflits du travail marquants (les contr\u00f4leurs a\u00e9riens am\u00e9ricains en 1981, les mineurs britanniques en 1984-1985), le \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>pouvoir syndical\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb a rendu l\u2019\u00e2me. Entre\u00a01979 et\u00a01999, le nombre annuel de gr\u00e8ves impliquant au moins mille salari\u00e9s passe aux Etats-Unis de deux cent trente-cinq \u00e0 dix-sept, celui des jours de travail \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>perdus\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb, de vingt millions \u00e0 deux millions\u00a0(2<\/a>). Et la part du salaire dans le revenu national recule… En 2007, sit\u00f4t \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, M.\u00a0Nicolas Sarkozy fait \u00e0 son tour voter une loi restreignant le droit de gr\u00e8ve dans les services publics. L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, il pavoise tel un gamin hilare\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>D\u00e9sormais, quand il y a une gr\u00e8ve en France, personne ne s\u2019en aper\u00e7oit.\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

En bonne logique, l\u2019\u00e9tude du FMI aurait d\u00fb insister sur l\u2019urgence sociale et politique de renforcer les organisations de salari\u00e9s. Elle estime plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00ab\u00a0<\/small>il reste \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si l\u2019accroissement des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019affaiblissement des syndicats est bon ou mauvais pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb…<\/i>Ceux qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 une petite id\u00e9e de la r\u00e9ponse en tireront sans effort la conclusion qui s\u2019impose.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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(1<\/a>) Florence Jaumotte et Carolina Osorio Buitron, \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>Le pouvoir et le peuple<\/a>\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb\u00a0(PDF),\u00a0Finances & D\u00e9veloppement,<\/i> Washington, DC, mars\u00a02015.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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(2<\/a>) George Melloan, \u00ab\u00a0<\/small>Whatever happened to the labor movement\u00a0<\/small>?<\/a>\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb, The Wall Street Journal,<\/i> New York, 4\u00a0septembre\u00a02001.<\/p>\n

Source :\u00a0http:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/2015\/04\/HALIMI\/52834<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Serge Halimi Puisque chacun pr\u00e9tend se soucier de l\u2019envol des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, pourquoi cette analyse du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (FMI) est-elle pass\u00e9e \u00e0 ce point inaper\u00e7ue\u00a0(1)\u00a0? En raison de ses conclusions\u00a0? Dans une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en mars dernier, deux \u00e9conomistes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1151,"featured_media":175939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,85,163,93],"tags":[851,2856,516,2728,4083,16897,2926,3135,306],"class_list":["post-175936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droits-de-lhomme","category-europe-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-politique","tag-capitalisme","tag-finance","tag-fmi","tag-histoire","tag-inegalites","tag-mouvement-de-contestation","tag-neoliberalisme","tag-repression","tag-travail"],"yoast_head":"\nEloge des syndicats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par Serge Halimi Puisque chacun pr\u00e9tend se soucier de l\u2019envol des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, pourquoi cette analyse du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (FMI) est-elle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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