{"id":1747939,"date":"2023-06-25T21:41:17","date_gmt":"2023-06-25T20:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1747939"},"modified":"2023-06-26T08:29:31","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T07:29:31","slug":"lunesco-declare-des-regions-de-colombie-et-du-perou-reserves-de-biosphere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2023\/06\/lunesco-declare-des-regions-de-colombie-et-du-perou-reserves-de-biosphere\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Unesco d\u00e9clare des r\u00e9gions de Colombie et du P\u00e9rou r\u00e9serves de biosph\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture<\/a> (Unesco) a inclu les zones de Tribug\u00e1-Cupica-Baud\u00f3 en Colombie et la r\u00e9serve de Bicentenario-Ayacucho au P\u00e9rou parmi les 11 nouveaux sites de son r\u00e9seau mondial de r\u00e9serves de biosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9serves de biosph\u00e8re \u00ab\u00a0sont la preuve tangible que l’humanit\u00e9 peut vivre en \u00e9quilibre avec la nature. Depuis 1971, ce programme a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 trouver un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement dans lequel les gens vivent bien et la biodiversit\u00e9 est respect\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Audrey Azoulay, directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l’UNESCO.<\/p>\n

Il s’agit de zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es dans des portions repr\u00e9sentatives des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes caract\u00e9ristiques de chaque r\u00e9gion, qu’ils soient terrestres ou marins, et qui fonctionnent comme des centres d\u2019observation, de recherche, d’\u00e9ducation \u00e0 l’environnement et de gestion des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n

En tant qu’instruments de conservation, elles favorisent la d\u00e9couverte de solutions \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes tels que la d\u00e9forestation des for\u00eats tropicales, la d\u00e9sertification, la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique et l’effet de serre, selon l’organisation.<\/p>\n

L’Unesco a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 dix nouvelles r\u00e9serves de biosph\u00e8re dans neuf pays et une r\u00e9serve de biosph\u00e8re transfrontali\u00e8re, ce qui porte le r\u00e9seau mondial \u00e0 748 r\u00e9serves dans 134 pays, dont 23 r\u00e9serves transfrontali\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

En Colombie, la qualification a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue par la r\u00e9serve de Tribug\u00e1-Cupica-Baud\u00f3, d’une superficie de 150 000 hectares, situ\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9gion biog\u00e9ographique de Choc\u00f3. Il s’agit de la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9serve de biosph\u00e8re situ\u00e9e sur la c\u00f4te pacifique colombienne, l’un des biomes consid\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

L’autre est la for\u00eat tropicale humide de la Serran\u00eda del Baud\u00f3<\/em> occidentale, qui contient une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de paysages (falaises, estuaires, c\u00f4tes, golfes, bras de mer, baies et zones marines) et d’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes (r\u00e9cifs, mangroves, for\u00eat tropicale) riches en biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Elle compte une population de plus de 18 000 habitants, principalement des Indiens Ember\u00e1 et des Afro-Colombiens. Ses principales activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques sont l’agriculture de subsistance, la p\u00eache artisanale, la p\u00eache traditionnelle et l’exploitation des ressources, le commerce, le tourisme de nature et l’artisanat.<\/p>\n

Au P\u00e9rou, la r\u00e9serve de Bicentenario-Ayacucho, dans le centre-sud des Andes, a \u00e9t\u00e9 distingu\u00e9e, avec des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes montagneux s’\u00e9levant entre 1850 et 4450 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du niveau de la mer.<\/p>\n

Ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes comprennent des for\u00eats saisonni\u00e8res s\u00e8ches, des zones humides des hautes Andes, des for\u00eats reliques et des broussailles, couvrant une superficie totale de 312 900 hectares.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9serve englobe les zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es du Sanctuaire historique de la Pampa d’Ayacucho – o\u00f9 s’est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e la derni\u00e8re grande bataille terrestre des guerres d’ind\u00e9pendance hispano-am\u00e9ricaines le 9 d\u00e9cembre 1824 – et la zone de conservation de la plus grande population mondiale de la for\u00eat de \u00ab\u00a0titankas\u00a0\u00bb (Puya raimondii).<\/p>\n

Cette fleur allong\u00e9e, semblable \u00e0 une girafe, parfois appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0la reine des Andes\u00a0\u00bb, peut atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 15 m\u00e8tres de haut.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gion est \u00e9galement remarquable pour sa grande diversit\u00e9 culturelle en termes de valeurs historiques, religieuses et sociales, y compris les connaissances locales et autochtones li\u00e9es \u00e0 la gestion des ressources naturelles.<\/p>\n

Elle compte une population de plus de 300 000 habitants, dont la plupart vivent dans des zones urbaines, dont la ville d’Ayacucho.<\/p>\n

La langue maternelle de plus de la moiti\u00e9 de la population est le quechua et son activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique comprend l’agriculture, l’\u00e9levage, la pisciculture, le tourisme et l’\u00e9levage de subsistance andin, ainsi que d’autres activit\u00e9s de services.<\/p>\n

Parmi les autres biosph\u00e8res choisies figurent la r\u00e9serve de Dr\u00f6mling, \u00e0 cheval sur l’ancienne fronti\u00e8re int\u00e9rieure allemande entre les \u00c9tats f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de Saxe-Anhalt et de Basse-Saxe, et la r\u00e9serve de biosph\u00e8re de la for\u00eat tropicale de Korup au Cameroun, form\u00e9e il y a 60 millions d’ann\u00e9es et abritant environ 30 000 habitants.<\/p>\n

En Indon\u00e9sie, la r\u00e9serve de Bantimurung Bulusaraung – Ma’Rupanne, au sud de l’\u00eele de Sulawesi a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie. Elle comprend des for\u00eats d’une riche diversit\u00e9 et le plus grand paysage karstique (de roches hydrosolubles) au monde. Il y a quelque 670 villages dans la r\u00e9gion avec une population totale de 1,5 million d’habitants.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gion du mont Elgon, entre le Kenya et l’Ouganda, a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie en tant que r\u00e9serve transfrontali\u00e8re, not\u00e9e pour sa condition de r\u00e9servoir d’eau et de zone foresti\u00e8re, et parce qu\u2019elle abrite de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces d’animaux sauvages, ainsi que 1,2 million d’habitants de diff\u00e9rents groupes ethniques qui vivent surtout de l’agriculture.<\/p>\n

En Mongolie, la r\u00e9gion d’Onon-Balkh a \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9e comme r\u00e9serve. Elle se situe \u00e0 la limite sud de la for\u00eat de conif\u00e8res sib\u00e9rienne et bor\u00e9ale, comprend diff\u00e9rents \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et aussi des sites historiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la vie de Gengis Khan (1162-1227), le fondateur de l\u2019Empire mongol.<\/p>\n

Le Pakistan a \u00e9t\u00e9 honor\u00e9 avec deux r\u00e9serves, Chitral Bashkar Garmchashma, qui borde l’Afghanistan et contient des paysages spectaculaires avec 543 glaciers et 31 cha\u00eenes de montagnes, et Gallies, qui abrite le l\u00e9opard commun (Panthera pardus) et poss\u00e8de de riches for\u00eats qui constituent une attraction touristique majeure.<\/p>\n

Un groupe de zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu dans le nord-est de la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, reliant les zones de steppes semi-arides \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion foresti\u00e8re, o\u00f9 les bassins du Congo, du Nil, et du lac Tchad se rejoignent.<\/p>\n

Enfin, en Tanzanie, la r\u00e9serve de biosph\u00e8re de Rufiji-Mafia-Kibiti-Kilwa, un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me c\u00f4tier-marin complexe de l’oc\u00e9an Indien comprenant une extraordinaire mosa\u00efque d’habitats marins tropicaux tels que des r\u00e9cifs coralliens, des herbiers marins, des mangroves et d’autres zones abritant une riche faune marine, a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9e au r\u00e9seau.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduit de l’espagnol par Evelyn Tischer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture (Unesco) a inclu les zones de Tribug\u00e1-Cupica-Baud\u00f3 en Colombie et la r\u00e9serve de Bicentenario-Ayacucho au P\u00e9rou parmi les 11 nouveaux sites de son r\u00e9seau mondial de r\u00e9serves de biosph\u00e8re.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":347,"featured_media":1747944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,97],"tags":[958,4449,1016,279,113919,113918,7269,113920,2986],"class_list":["post-1747939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-du-sud","category-environnement-et-ecologie","tag-amerique-latine","tag-caraibes","tag-colombie","tag-environnement","tag-la-science-et-la-culture","tag-organisation-des-nations-unies-pour-leducation","tag-perou","tag-reserve-de-biosphere","tag-unesco-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nL'Unesco d\u00e9clare des 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