{"id":1726300,"date":"2023-03-19T22:37:37","date_gmt":"2023-03-19T22:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1726300"},"modified":"2023-03-19T22:37:37","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T22:37:37","slug":"lafrique-une-histoire-a-redecouvrir-28-les-inventions-du-roi-njoya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2023\/03\/lafrique-une-histoire-a-redecouvrir-28-les-inventions-du-roi-njoya\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir. 28- Les inventions du roi Njoya"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’apog\u00e9e de la civilisation des Bamuni, qui habitent encore la partie occidentale du Cameroun, co\u00efncide avec l’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens – allemands puis fran\u00e7ais – qui cherchent \u00e0 coloniser le territoire. Malgr\u00e9 les probl\u00e8mes cr\u00e9\u00e9s par leur influence et les conflits internes, ce peuple d\u00e9veloppe son g\u00e9nie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un roi novateur, Ibrahim Njoya.<\/p>\n

Ibrahim Njoya, l’enfant roi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selon certaines sources historiques, Njoya est n\u00e9 en 1876 et selon d’autres vers 1860. Fils de la reine Njapndunke et du roi Nsangou, il succ\u00e8de \u00e0 son p\u00e8re comme dix-septi\u00e8me souverain d’un royaume dont les origines remontent au XIVe si\u00e8cle. Sa m\u00e8re a assur\u00e9 la r\u00e9gence jusqu’\u00e0 sa majorit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Inventions<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e8s son enfance, Njoya fait preuve d’esprit et d’ing\u00e9niosit\u00e9. Passionn\u00e9 de botanique, il r\u00e9dige des trait\u00e9s m\u00e9dicaux, rassemble les recettes traditionnelles de la pharmacop\u00e9e indig\u00e8ne et invente, avec l’aide de ses fid\u00e8les courtisans, un syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9criture appel\u00e9 Shumon. Jusqu’\u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle, l’histoire de son peuple \u00e9tait transmise oralement, mais cette m\u00e9thode risquait de faire perdre des d\u00e9tails importants. Le nouveau syst\u00e8me a subi plusieurs transformations pour simplifier et r\u00e9duire le nombre de signes utilis\u00e9s et, \u00e0 l’instigation du roi, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 enseign\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles et employ\u00e9 par les fonctionnaires \u00e0 tous les niveaux.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la nouvelle langue, un r\u00e9cit chronologique de la dynastie r\u00e9gnante et de l’histoire des Bamuni a \u00e9t\u00e9 compil\u00e9 et des documents de mariage et de cour ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Njoia a \u00e9galement invent\u00e9 un moulin pour moudre le bl\u00e9 et d’autres c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, favorisant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement d’une petite industrie alimentaire, ainsi qu’une imprimante \u00e0 main permettant de reproduire des livres, des dessins et une carte du royaume.<\/p>\n

La religion<\/strong><\/p>\n

En r\u00e9action aux conversions forc\u00e9es impos\u00e9es par les Allemands, Njoya cr\u00e9e une nouvelle religion nationale, combinant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans avec le culte traditionnel bamuni, avant de se convertir \u00e0 l’islam avec la plupart des membres de sa cour en 1916 et de prendre \u00e9galement le nom d’Ibrahim.<\/p>\n

Le palais de Foumban<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le palais original de Foumban a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit par un incendie en 1913. Njoya a ensuite entrepris la conception et la construction du palais actuel. Les Allemands furent impressionn\u00e9s par la majest\u00e9 de l’\u00e9difice et, avec leur mentalit\u00e9 typiquement coloniale, pens\u00e8rent que Njoya avait voulu copier le style europ\u00e9en. Cette th\u00e9orie ignorait cependant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la tradition architecturale africaine qui sont \u00e9vidents dans le b\u00e2timent, tels que les toits vo\u00fbt\u00e9s, les appuis en saillie, les v\u00e9randas, les poteaux en bois sculpt\u00e9s et les briques d’argile.<\/p>\n

Le syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9criture invent\u00e9 par Njoya tombe en d\u00e9su\u00e9tude dans les ann\u00e9es 1930, lorsque le royaume perd son autonomie partielle et que les Fran\u00e7ais, succ\u00e9dant \u00e0 l’influence allemande, l’interdisent. Njoya est envoy\u00e9 en exil \u00e0 Yaound\u00e9, o\u00f9 il meurt en 1933, mais ses inventions sont toujours vivantes. En t\u00e9moigne l’engagement de son petit-fils Ibrahim Mbombo Njoya, qui a transform\u00e9 le palais de Foumban en mus\u00e9e et encourag\u00e9 les \u00e9coliers \u00e0 apprendre l’\u00e9criture bamuni invent\u00e9e par son grand-p\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Voir toutes les parties de la s\u00e9rie \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong>ICI<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduit de l\u2019italien par Evelyn Tischer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’apog\u00e9e de la civilisation des Bamuni, qui habitent encore la partie occidentale du Cameroun, co\u00efncide avec l’arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens – allemands puis fran\u00e7ais – qui cherchent \u00e0 coloniser le territoire. Malgr\u00e9 les probl\u00e8mes cr\u00e9\u00e9s par leur influence et les conflits…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1519,"featured_media":1726304,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,11386,94],"tags":[111239,2612,107672,111237,111238,77795],"class_list":["post-1726300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","tag-bamuni-fr","tag-cameroun","tag-histoires-africaines","tag-inventions","tag-roi-ibrahim-njoya","tag-valentin-mufila-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nL'Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir. 28- Les inventions du roi Njoya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'apog\u00e9e de la civilisation des Bamuni, qui habitent encore la partie occidentale du Cameroun, co\u00efncide avec l'arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens - allemands puis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2023\/03\/lafrique-une-histoire-a-redecouvrir-28-les-inventions-du-roi-njoya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'Afrique, une histoire \u00e0 red\u00e9couvrir. 28- Les inventions du roi Njoya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L'apog\u00e9e de la civilisation des Bamuni, qui habitent encore la partie occidentale du Cameroun, co\u00efncide avec l'arriv\u00e9e des Europ\u00e9ens - 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