{"id":1689081,"date":"2022-10-25T23:26:08","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T22:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1689081"},"modified":"2022-10-26T18:48:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T17:48:24","slug":"oh-pauvre-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2022\/10\/oh-pauvre-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"Oh, pauvre Ukraine !"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la surprise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat des \u00c9tats-Unis Antony Blinken s\u2019est rendu la deuxi\u00e8me semaine de septembre \u00e0 Kiev, o\u00f9 il a promis 2,2 milliards de dollars US, express\u00e9ment d\u00e9di\u00e9s au renforcement militaire \u00e0 long terme de l\u2019Ukraine, rapporte le Berliner Zeitung <\/em>du 9 septembre 2022.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La promesse de Blinken fait partie des 15 milliards de dollars d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 promis, que son coll\u00e8gue Lloyd Austin, secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense du gouvernement US, avait \u00e9voqu\u00e9s lors d\u2019une br\u00e8ve rencontre entre l\u2019OTAN et le groupe de contact pour la d\u00e9fense de l\u2019Ukraine \u00e0 Ramstein (Rh\u00e9nanie-Palatinat). Austin a incit\u00e9 ses coll\u00e8gues des autres \u00c9tats de l\u2019Otan \u00e0 apporter leur contribution aux livraisons d\u2019armements. Le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Onu Stoltenberg et la ministre de la d\u00e9fense allemande Lambrecht ont assist\u00e9 aux engagements financiers.<\/p>\n

Le plus souvent, dans le monde occidental, les cr\u00e9dits sont assortis d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats. Du point de vue du cr\u00e9dit, toutes les factures, qu\u2019elles viennent de l\u2019industrie d\u2019armement ou d\u2019autres fournisseurs, passent par les m\u00eames chemins.<\/p>\n

Pour les \u00c9tats concern\u00e9s, la livraison d\u2019armes pr\u00e9sente des avantages : le mat\u00e9riel p\u00e9rim\u00e9 avant d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 est r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9 et les stocks peuvent \u00eatre affect\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u2019autres usages ; quant au mat\u00e9riel plus r\u00e9cent, il peut \u00eatre test\u00e9 en situation r\u00e9elle.<\/p>\n

L\u2019argent du secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat Blinken n\u2019est pas destin\u00e9 au secteur civil ukrainien, il ne reconstruira ni \u00e9coles, ni h\u00f4pitaux, ni logements ni ponts : pour les cr\u00e9dits \u00e0 affecter \u00e0 ce type de besoins, Mme von Leyen et le pr\u00e9sident Biden disposent d\u2019autres fonds. Mais les deux types de cr\u00e9dits se retrouvent quand m\u00eame sous forme de dettes de l\u2019\u00c9tat, une m\u00e9thode av\u00e9r\u00e9e, depuis l\u2019\u00e8re coloniale, de fabrication de la d\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n

Les montants cumul\u00e9s de la dette ext\u00e9rieure et de la dette int\u00e9rieure de l\u2019\u00c9tat freinent les progr\u00e8s d\u2019une Ukraine \u00e9reint\u00e9e, qui \u00e9prouve les pires difficult\u00e9s pour instaurer un filet social et proposer des subventions au commerce. La recherche scientifique et technique stagne.<\/p>\n

Impossible de remplir les cases budg\u00e9taires qui devraient d\u00e9velopper la formation et la culture.<\/p>\n

Ces sept derniers mois, depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre, les pays du noyau dur de l\u2019Otan insistaient pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les livraisons d\u2019armes. Apr\u00e8s la visite de Blinken, il semble que soit envisag\u00e9e une prolongation de la confrontation militaire, ce qui va tout \u00e0 fait dans le sens des producteurs d\u2019armes.<\/p>\n

De plus, apr\u00e8s la fin des op\u00e9rations en Afghanistan, la recherche technologique appliqu\u00e9e aux combats par l\u2019arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine est en standby <\/em>; dans ces conditions, Scholz, le chancelier f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, a visit\u00e9 un arsenal allemand ; on lui a montr\u00e9 un char moderne, un engin de d\u00e9fense, mais aussi de destruction.<\/p>\n

Les combats en Ukraine provoquent avant tout des trag\u00e9dies humaines, dont personne ne sort. Apr\u00e8s les deux guerres mondiales, les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels, si importants qu\u2019ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compens\u00e9s ; il en est rest\u00e9, n\u00e9anmoins, le traumatisme de ceux qui y avaient particip\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Une derni\u00e8re question : selon la vieille loi d\u2019airain du monde capitaliste, le cr\u00e9dit suppose n\u00e9cessairement <\/strong>l\u2019assurance d\u2019\u00eatre rembours\u00e9, peu importe sous quelle forme. Un syst\u00e8me \u00e9labor\u00e9 de notation y veille, qui d\u00e9termine le montant des taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat. En Allemagne, pour toute demande de cr\u00e9dits priv\u00e9s, c\u2019est la Schufa qui s\u2019occupe des capacit\u00e9s de remboursement. Pour le gouvernement afghan, de m\u00eame, un certain niveau de cr\u00e9dit avait \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 pour les livraisons d\u2019armes et le pays avait d\u00fb transf\u00e9rer son Tr\u00e9sor public \u00e0 Fort Knox, la Salle du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricaine. Quelle assurance a donc donn\u00e9e le pr\u00e9sident Zelensky et qu\u2019a-t-il \u00e9crit dans sa lettre d\u2019intention ? Quelles formes de remboursement les \u00c9tats du G7 ont-ils exig\u00e9es pour leurs livraisons \u00e0 cr\u00e9dit ?<\/p>\n

L\u2019Allemagne a pay\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re traite des cr\u00e9dits qu\u2019elle avait demand\u00e9s pour la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale en juin 1990.<\/p>\n

Le cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la construction pour l\u2019Ukraine, mais aussi la politique de sanctions contre la Russie, ont confirm\u00e9 une \u00e9quation funeste : l\u2019histoire du monde, c\u2019est l\u2019histoire du cr\u00e9dit. Ce que visent les activit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9dit des banques, c\u2019est le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est un imp\u00e9ratif humain : en Ukraine comme ailleurs, dans tous les conflits bilat\u00e9raux, il faut faire taire les armes, il ne faut plus en livrer. Comme le prouve l\u2019exp\u00e9rience, des compromis sont toujours possibles. Par contre, les mentalit\u00e9s de vainqueurs sont p\u00e9tries de nouveaux probl\u00e8mes. Les emprunts \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger dans des buts civils, c\u2019est une autre histoire ; il y en a de nombreux exemples dans le monde.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduit de l’allemand par Didier Aviat<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 la surprise g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, le secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat des \u00c9tats-Unis Antony Blinken s\u2019est rendu la deuxi\u00e8me semaine de septembre \u00e0 Kiev, o\u00f9 il a promis 2,2 milliards de dollars US, express\u00e9ment d\u00e9di\u00e9s au renforcement militaire \u00e0 long terme de l\u2019Ukraine, rapporte…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1463,"featured_media":1657594,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11386,100,85,93],"tags":[14710,842,102233,12225,106815,8005],"class_list":["post-1689081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contenu-original","category-economie","category-europe-fr","category-politique","tag-complexe-militaro-industriel","tag-dette","tag-guerre-en-ukraine","tag-industrie-de-larmement","tag-livraison-darmes","tag-ukraine-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nOh, pauvre Ukraine !<\/title>\n<meta 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