{"id":1650836,"date":"2022-09-01T19:17:29","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T18:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1650836"},"modified":"2022-09-02T07:46:37","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T06:46:37","slug":"hommage-a-mikhail-gorbatchev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2022\/09\/hommage-a-mikhail-gorbatchev\/","title":{"rendered":"Hommage \u00e0 Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un tr\u00e8s grand homme, peut-\u00eatre le plus grand de toute l\u2019histoire de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, vient de nous quitter.<\/p>\n

Mikha\u00efl Sergue\u00efevitch Gorbatchev, n\u00e9 le 2 mars 1931 \u00e0 Privolnoie, est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 dans la soir\u00e9e du 30 ao\u00fbt 2022 \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital Clinique Central de Moscou.<\/p>\n

Cet homme de paix a partiellement chang\u00e9 la face du monde pour au moins une d\u00e9cennie \u00e0 la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle. Parvenu en 1985 au sommet du Parti communiste et \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique, il a us\u00e9 de son pouvoir pour tenter de r\u00e9former l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays par la perestro\u00efka <\/i> et de le d\u00e9mocratiser par la glasnost\u2019<\/i>. Dans les deux cas il s\u2019agissait pour lui d\u2019humaniser le r\u00e9gime sovi\u00e9tique bureaucratique. Ses efforts se sont heurt\u00e9s \u00e0 de nombreux obstacles et de puissantes r\u00e9sistances, notamment d\u2019une partie du KGB et des apparatchiki<\/i> qui profitaient du r\u00e9gime mais dont beaucoup se sont par la suite reconvertis pour passer du capitalisme d\u2019Etat, baptis\u00e9 communisme, au capitalisme priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le succ\u00e8s tr\u00e8s relatif, voire l\u2019insucc\u00e8s de Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev en politique int\u00e9rieure, ne saurait faire oublier sa grande contribution au bien-\u00eatre de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 : la fin de la Guerre froide et la pacification, malheureusement temporaire, des affaires du monde.<\/p>\n

Devenu en mars 1985 secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du PCUS, Gorbatchev prit langue avec le pr\u00e9sident des Etats-Unis, Ronald Reagan, qui deux ans plus t\u00f4t tenait l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique pour \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Empire du mal\u00a0\u00bb. Les deux hommes se rencontr\u00e8rent pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve en novembre 1985, apr\u00e8s plusieurs ann\u00e9es d\u2019extr\u00eame tension entre les Etats-Unis et l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique, qui faillit d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer en conflit nucl\u00e9aire \u00e0 l\u2019automne 1983.<\/p>\n

En janvier 1986, Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev lan\u00e7ait le mot d\u2019ordre \u00ab Plus aucune arme nucl\u00e9aire d\u2019ici l\u2019an 2000 ! \u00bb Il ne cessa d\u2019agir en ce sens jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la signature \u00e0 Washington, le 8 d\u00e9cembre 1987, du Trait\u00e9 sur les Forces Nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 port\u00e9e Interm\u00e9diaire (les FNI). Ce premier trait\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9limination d\u2019une vaste cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires mettait un terme \u00e0 la crise des euromissiles, ouvrait la voie \u00e0 une coop\u00e9ration sovi\u00e9to-am\u00e9ricaine dans de nombreux domaines et changeait radicalement l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re internationale, en m\u00eame temps que le retrait d\u2019Afghanistan des forces sovi\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est ce changement d\u2019\u00e8re qui permit la chute du mur de Berlin deux ans plus tard, le 9 novembre 1989, et la fin de la Guerre froide (Trait\u00e9 de Moscou, 12 septembre 1990\u00a0; Memorandum de Budapest, 5 d\u00e9cembre 1994) au bout de 45 ans de division de l\u2019Europe et de menaces de guerre – sans un coup de feu, sans un mort.<\/p>\n

Malheureusement, les lobbies militaristes \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest comme \u00e0 l\u2019Est ont progressivement sap\u00e9 l\u2019esprit de paix et de d\u00e9sarmement qui r\u00e9gnait alors. Gorbatchev, bien qu\u2019ayant surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 une tentative de putsch foment\u00e9e par les durs du KGB et du PCUS, a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint de d\u00e9missionner en d\u00e9cembre 1991. L\u2019Occident de son c\u00f4t\u00e9 n\u2019a pas tenu les promesses de non-expansion de l\u2019OTAN vers l\u2019Est<\/a>, qui furent faites \u00e0 Gorbatchev et Chevardnadze en contrepartie de la r\u00e9unification de l\u2019Allemagne et de son appartenance \u00e0 l\u2019OTAN, maintenue malgr\u00e9 la dissolution du Pacte de Varsovie.<\/p>\n

Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev avait une vision globale, humaniste, sociale, pacifique et \u00e9cologique des relations internationales. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas un saint, mais c\u2019\u00e9tait un sage, et les dirigeants actuels du monde entier, \u00e0 commencer par ceux qui d\u00e9tiennent des armes nucl\u00e9aires, notamment Vladimir Poutine, feraient bien de s\u2019inspirer de ses recommandations.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Action des Citoyens pour le D\u00e9sarmement Nucl\u00e9aire lui doit son existence et continuera \u00e0 s\u2019inspirer de ses messages en \u0153uvrant pour l\u2019\u00e9limination totale et contr\u00f4l\u00e9e des armes nucl\u00e9aires et radioactives.<\/p>\n

Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev\u00a0: Message \u00e0 ACDN \u00e0 propos des 3e Rencontres Internationales pour le D\u00e9sarmement Nucl\u00e9aire, Biologique et Chimique (RID-NBC, Saintes, 9-11 mai 2008)\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab Je souhaite f\u00e9liciter les organisateurs de cette manifestation pour avoir \u00e9lev\u00e9 le niveau de sensibilisation autour de l\u2019un des d\u00e9fis les plus difficiles de notre \u00e9poque : un d\u00e9fi qui ne saurait \u00eatre relev\u00e9 sans l\u2019\u00e9limination des armes nucl\u00e9aires, biologiques et chimiques du monde entier. \u00bb
\n<\/i><\/p>\n

Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev\u00a0: Dire adieu aux armes nucl\u00e9aires (12 octobre 2011)<\/a><\/p>\n

Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev\u00a0: Une nouvelle course aux armes nucl\u00e9aires a commenc\u00e9 (25 octobre 2018)<\/a><\/p>\n

Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev\u00a0: Quand la pand\u00e9mie sera pass\u00e9e, le monde devra se rassembler (15 avril 2020)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un tr\u00e8s grand homme, peut-\u00eatre le plus grand de toute l\u2019histoire de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, vient de nous quitter. Mikha\u00efl Sergue\u00efevitch Gorbatchev, n\u00e9 le 2 mars 1931 \u00e0 Privolnoie, est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 dans la soir\u00e9e du 30 ao\u00fbt 2022 \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital Clinique Central…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":850,"featured_media":1650838,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,1250],"tags":[41005],"class_list":["post-1650836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia-fr","category-paix-desarmement","tag-mikhail-gorbatchev-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nHommage \u00e0 Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un tr\u00e8s grand homme, peut-\u00eatre le plus grand de toute l\u2019histoire de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, vient de nous quitter. 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