{"id":154707,"date":"2014-12-28T21:33:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-28T21:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=154707"},"modified":"2014-12-28T21:33:54","modified_gmt":"2014-12-28T21:33:54","slug":"pour-faire-avaler-la-couleuvre-cubaine-par-les-republicains-obama-sanctionne-le-venezuela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/12\/pour-faire-avaler-la-couleuvre-cubaine-par-les-republicains-obama-sanctionne-le-venezuela\/","title":{"rendered":"Pour faire avaler la couleuvre cubaine par les R\u00e9publicains, Obama sanctionne le Venezuela"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Par Alexander Main<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La grande histoire s\u2019accompagne souvent de petites bassesses et Barack Obama vient r\u00e9cemment d\u2019en faire la d\u00e9monstration. Le 18 d\u00e9cembre dernier, soit le lendemain de son discours \u2013 prononc\u00e9 simultan\u00e9ment avec celui de Raul Castro \u2013 annon\u00e7ant une nouvelle \u00e8re des relations entre les Etats-Unis et Cuba, le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain promulguait une loi visant \u00e0 imposer des \u00ab\u00a0sanctions cibl\u00e9es aux personnes responsables des violations des droits humains des manifestants anti-gouvernementaux\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> qui, de f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 avril 2014, avaient occup\u00e9 les rues et mont\u00e9 des barricades dans quelques villes du Venezuela et tout particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 Caracas.<\/p>\n

Les promoteurs de la loi, en premier lieu le s\u00e9nateur d\u00e9mocrate du New Jersey Robert Menendez, invoquent une quarantaine de victimes de la r\u00e9pression men\u00e9e par les autorit\u00e9s. Ils oublient d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment de mentionner qu\u2019une bonne partie de ces victimes \u00e9taient des policiers et des militants chavistes et que le gouvernement avait fait arr\u00eater au moins 17 membres des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 contre lesquels il existait des pr\u00e9somptions d\u2019actes de violence sur les manifestants. En fait, les t\u00e9nors de l\u2019opposition v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne avaient pouss\u00e9 leurs troupes \u00e0 utiliser des m\u00e9thodes insurrectionnelles pour provoquer le d\u00e9part de Nicolas Maduro \u00e9lu \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en avril 2013 de mani\u00e8re parfaitement l\u00e9gale et transparente. Cette strat\u00e9gie de la tension\u00a0[1<\/a>] s\u2019inscrivait dans une longue s\u00e9rie de mesures de d\u00e9stabilisation du pouvoir bolivarien inaugur\u00e9es par le coup d\u2019Etat du 11 avril 2002 contre Hugo Chavez.<\/p>\n

Dans le texte qui suit, le chercheur Alexander Main d\u00e9taille les motifs de pure cuisine politicienne interne qui ont conduit Barack Obama \u00e0 donner son feu vert \u00e0 une loi en total d\u00e9calage avec sa d\u00e9cision de renouer avec La Havane. Il s\u2019agit tout simplement de donner un os \u00e0 ronger aux plus exalt\u00e9s des \u00e9lus r\u00e9publicains et aux groupes d\u2019exil\u00e9s cubains d\u2019extr\u00eame-droite afin de canaliser leur potentiel de nuisance au Congr\u00e8s et dans l\u2019opinion.<\/p>\n

Ce pas en arri\u00e8re dans la foul\u00e9e du pas en avant des accords historiques du 17 d\u00e9cembre ne pourra que renforcer la solidarit\u00e9 des gouvernements latino-am\u00e9ricains et carib\u00e9ens avec le Venezuela, et mettre ainsi les Etats-Unis sur la d\u00e9fensive lors du prochain Sommet des Am\u00e9riques pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 Panama en avril 2015, alors qu\u2019Obama aurait pu y \u00eatre accueilli en chef d\u2019Etat visionnaire. Il ne suffit pas de proclamer Somos todos Americanos\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1<\/a>] Lire Maurice Lemoine, \u00ab\u00a0Strat\u00e9gie de la tension au Venezuela<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

One step forward, one step back in US-Latin America policy<\/strong><\/p>\n

P<\/span>resident Obama\u2019s decision to normalize relations with Cuba has grabbed headlines and drawn plaudits from around the world. In a short but historic speech, Obama announced a breathtaking series of measures including the reestablishing of full diplomatic relations with Cuba and the significant easing of restrictions on travel to the island nation. He also made a plea to Congress to undo the 54-year-old embargo against Cuba.<\/p>\n

But at the same time, Obama has supported a significant hardening of policy toward one of Cuba\u2019s closest allies in the region.<\/p>\n

Venezuela has just joined Cuba as one of only two countries in the Western Hemisphere subject to U.S. sanctions. Legislation mandating sanctions against Venezuelan officials was approved by voice vote in the Senate on Dec. 8 and then sailed through the House on Dec. 10. On Dec. 18, just one day after his speech on a \u00ab\u00a0new course\u00a0\u00bb on Cuba, Obama signed the sanctions bill into law. Cuban-American Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.), who authored the legislation, called it \u00ab\u00a0a victory for the Venezuelan people.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

The trouble is, the people of Venezuela don\u2019t seem to agree with Menendez. A\u00a0survey<\/a>\u00a0carried out by independent pollster Datanalisis showed that nearly three quarters of Venezuelans oppose U.S. sanctions. The Caracas-based human rights organization PROVEA \u2014 a frequent critic of Venezuelan President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro \u2014 also\u00a0vigorously rejects<\/a>\u00a0the measure. Other Latin American governments oppose the sanctions as well. At a May summit, South America\u2019s heads of state\u00a0strongly voiced their opposition<\/a>\u00a0to the Senate bill and its House companion, authored by Florida Republican Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen.<\/p>\n

The stated purpose of the bill is \u00ab\u00a0to impose targeted sanctions on persons responsible for violations of human rights of antigovernment protesters\u00a0\u00bb that took to the streets between February and April of this year demanding Maduro\u2019s departure. The bill\u2019s promoters mention that over 40 people died during the protests but don\u2019t acknowledge that a large number of these deaths\u00a0included state security forces and pro-government activists<\/a>\u00a0and were\u00a0caused by the protesters<\/a>\u00a0themselves. Moreover, as human rights organizations\u00a0have noted<\/a>, Venezuelan authorities have carried out investigations of abuses and apprehended at least 17 security agents allegedly implicated in violent acts against demonstrators.<\/p>\n

Troubling reports of impunity still surround some of the killings and abuses perpetrated during the protests. But does Venezuela\u2019s human rights situation really justify sanctions\u00a0? If so, then why hasn\u2019t the U.S. government sanctioned authorities in Colombia, where the army reportedly executed\u00a0at least 5,763 innocent civilians<\/a>\u00a0between 2000 and 2010\u00a0? Why hasn\u2019t it sanctioned Honduras, where security forces\u00a0regularly commit extrajudicial killings<\/a>\u00a0with impunity\u00a0? Or what about Mexico, where 43 students recently disappeared, most likely all killed, with the\u00a0alleged complicity<\/a>\u00a0of both local and federal police\u00a0? Instead of penalizing the governments of these countries, the U.S. continues to send them hundreds of millions of dollars in security assistance.<\/p>\n

So where do the sanctions against Venezuela come,from\u00a0?<\/p>\n

For years, a handful of members of Congress with ties to far-right Cuban exile groups has sought to harden U.S. policy toward Venezuela and other left-leaning Latin American governments with close relations to the Cuban government. In 2007, Ros-Lehtinen and three other South Florida representatives sent a letter to President George W. Bush, urging him to declare Venezuela\u2019s democratically elected government a \u00ab\u00a0dictatorship\u00a0\u00bb and grant temporary political asylum to Venezuelans who had overstayed their U.S. visas. In 2008, Rep. Connie Mack (R-Fla.), Ros-Lehtinen, Rep. Mario D\u00edaz Balart (R-Fla.) and five other legislators sponsored a resolution calling for Venezuela to join Cuba on the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism.<\/p>\n

Though these and other efforts didn\u2019t gain momentum, the sanctions legislation, introduced in both houses in March, benefited from intense media coverage around the 2014 protests and an unprecedented mobilization of opposition-aligned Venezuelans in the U.S. It passed the House in May but was held up in the Senate until early December. The administration, meanwhile, announced that it opposed sanctions since, in the words of a U.S. official, it \u00ab\u00a0would reinforce the narrative of this being about the Venezuelan government standing up to the U.S.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

A group of Democratic legislators\u00a0applauded<\/a>\u00a0the administration\u2019s position, noting that \u00ab\u00a0unilateral U.S. intervention and sanctions have caused deep resentment throughout Latin America.\u00a0\u00bb This is perhaps especially true in Venezuela, where people still remember how the U.S. government\u00a0supported a short-lived military coup<\/a>\u00a0against late President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez back in 2002.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, the administration began carrying out minor, unofficial sanctions \u2014 first revoking visas of Venezuelan officials and then barring U.S. exports of equipment with a \u00ab\u00a0military end use\u00a0\u00bb to Venezuela. Then, in late November, Antony Blinken, Obama\u2019s nominee for deputy secretary of State, told Sens. Menendez and Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) that the administration was now fully supporting sanctions.<\/p>\n

The administration clearly dislikes President Maduro but is well aware that an aggressive unilateral measure like sanctions could undermine the divided Venezuelan opposition and further isolate the U.S. regionally. So why is it now supportive of sanctions\u00a0?<\/p>\n

When Obama announced the dramatic shift in U.S. policy toward Cuba, he knew it would trigger outrage in the ranks of Cuban-American members of Congress. Though some of these legislators have fringe viewpoints on Latin America, they happen to have powerful committee positions and could make it even harder for the administration to achieve anything in Congress. The president apparently felt he should throw them a bone to try to appease them\u00a0; the bone was a promise to back their Venezuela sanctions bill.<\/p>\n

Such trade-offs may make sense from a Beltway perspective. But allowing legislators stuck in a Cold War mentality to steer U.S. Venezuela policy is dangerous and risks wrecking the good will that the administration\u2019s Cuba detente is generating throughout the region. In the words of President Obama, it\u2019s time to fully \u00ab\u00a0cut loose the [policy] shackles of the past.\u00a0\u00bb Not just with regard to Cuba, but on policy toward Venezuela and other left-leaning Latin American governments as well.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Illustration\u00a0: Latuff<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Alexander Main La grande histoire s\u2019accompagne souvent de petites bassesses et Barack Obama vient r\u00e9cemment d\u2019en faire la d\u00e9monstration. Le 18 d\u00e9cembre dernier, soit le lendemain de son discours \u2013 prononc\u00e9 simultan\u00e9ment avec celui de Raul Castro \u2013 annon\u00e7ant…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1133,"featured_media":154708,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,87,86,40,163,93],"tags":[271,312,34],"class_list":["post-154707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amerique-centrale","category-amerique-du-nord","category-amerique-du-sud","category-international-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-politique","tag-cuba","tag-etats-unis","tag-venezuela"],"yoast_head":"\nPour faire avaler la couleuvre cubaine par les R\u00e9publicains, Obama sanctionne le Venezuela<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par Alexander Main La grande histoire s\u2019accompagne souvent de petites bassesses et Barack Obama vient r\u00e9cemment d\u2019en faire la d\u00e9monstration. 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