{"id":1484673,"date":"2021-12-08T22:41:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T22:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1484673"},"modified":"2021-12-08T22:41:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T22:41:41","slug":"islande-forer-le-coeur-dun-volcan-et-creer-un-observatoire-sous-terrain-du-magma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2021\/12\/islande-forer-le-coeur-dun-volcan-et-creer-un-observatoire-sous-terrain-du-magma\/","title":{"rendered":"Islande : Forer le c\u0153ur d\u2019un volcan et cr\u00e9er un observatoire sous-terrain du magma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selon les chercheurs, ce projet permettra de mieux comprendre l\u2019origine des continents, la dynamique des volcans et les syst\u00e8mes g\u00e9othermiques.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Une \u00e9quipe internationale compos\u00e9e de scientifiques issus de 38 instituts de recherche et entreprises s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 forer dans la zone du crat\u00e8re du volcan Krafla en Islande,\u00a0\u00e0 deux kilom\u00e8tres de profondeur<\/b>,\u00a0<\/b>afin de cr\u00e9er le premier observatoire du magma souterrain au monde.<\/p>\n

Situ\u00e9 au nord-est de l\u2019Islande, le crat\u00e8re est rempli d\u2019eau turquoise et de fumeroles<\/b> qui d\u00e9gagent de la vapeur et du souffre. Il attire chaque ann\u00e9e de nombreux visiteurs souhaitant prendre des photos pour les publier sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux.<\/p>\n

Mais le volcan Krafla n\u2019a pas seulement un attrait touristique, c\u2019est aussi un terrain de jeu \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et de recherche<\/b>.<\/p>\n

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C\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces deux sujets que l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Krafla Magma Testbed (KMT) sont en train de d\u00e9velopper. Ce projet de 100 millions de dollars<\/b> fut lanc\u00e9 en 2014 et pr\u00e9voit un premier forage en 2024.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il n\u2019existe aucun observatoire de ce type et nous n\u2019avons jamais observ\u00e9 de magma souterrain, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de trois rencontres fortuites dans des forages \u00e0 Hawa\u00ef, au Kenya et en Islande \u00bb indique Paolo Papale, de l\u2019Institut National Italien de G\u00e9ophysique et de Vulcanologie \u00e0 l\u2019AFP<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objectif prioritaire des scientismes et d\u2019atteindre un puits rempli de lave et de roche fondue \u00e0 des kilom\u00e8tres de profondeur, car contrairement \u00e0 la lave de surface, c\u2019est un sujet pour le moment inconnu.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est essentiel de savoir o\u00f9 se trouve le magma afin d\u2019\u00eatre bien pr\u00e9par\u00e9s<\/b> \u00bb,\u00a0ajoute-t-il.\u00a0\u00abSans cela, nous y allons presque \u00e0 l\u2019aveugle \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Selon le chercheur, ce projet \u00ab repr\u00e9sente un progr\u00e8s \u00e9norme \u00bb pour notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre l\u2019origine des continents, la dynamique des volcans ou les syst\u00e8mes g\u00e9othermiques. D\u2019autre part, il permet d\u2019avancer sur l\u2019exploitation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique et sur la pr\u00e9diction des \u00e9ruptions volcaniques ainsi que de leurs risques.<\/p>\n

Potentiel \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/h3>\n

\u00ab Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce projet, nous souhaitons d\u00e9velopper une nouvelle technologie pour pouvoir forer plus profond et utiliser cette \u00e9nergie jamais encore exploit\u00e9e<\/b> \u00bb, indique\u00a0Vord\u00eds Eir\u00edksd\u00f3ttir, directrice ex\u00e9cutive de l\u2019exploitation g\u00e9othermique de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9,\u00a0Landsvirkjun.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 des kilom\u00e8tres sous terre, la roche atteint des temp\u00e9ratures si extr\u00eames qu’elle s\u2019y trouve dans un \u00e9tat interm\u00e9diaire entre le liquide et le gaz, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant cinq \u00e0 dix fois plus d’\u00e9nergie<\/b> que les puits conventionnels.<\/p>\n

Cependant, forer dans un environnement aussi extr\u00eame est un r\u00e9el d\u00e9fi technique. La corrosion due \u00e0 la vapeur br\u00fblante sera l’un des plus grands obstacles auxquels les mat\u00e9riaux de forage seront confront\u00e9s, mais les ing\u00e9nieurs et les scientifiques du projet sont convaincus qu’ils seront en mesure de surmonter ce d\u00e9fi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Traduction de l\u2019espagnol, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Drouet<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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RT provides an alternative perspective on major global events, and acquaints an international audience with the Russian viewpoint. rt.com","sameAs":["http:\/\/www.rt.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RTnews","https:\/\/x.com\/RT_com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/russia-today\/"}]}},"place":"","original_article_url":"https:\/\/actualidad.rt.com\/actualidad\/411806-perforan-volcan-islandia-observatorio-magma-energia","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1181"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1484673"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484673\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1478896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1484673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1484673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1484673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}