{"id":1451626,"date":"2021-10-15T11:20:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T10:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1451626"},"modified":"2021-10-15T22:06:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-15T21:06:22","slug":"le-train-symbole-de-modernite-et-despoir-sous-le-pinceau-des-artistes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2021\/10\/le-train-symbole-de-modernite-et-despoir-sous-le-pinceau-des-artistes\/","title":{"rendered":"Le train, symbole de modernit\u00e9 et d’espoir, sous le pinceau des artistes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Exposition Europalia – Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. A ses d\u00e9buts, le train<\/strong>\u00a0est le\u00a0symbole<\/strong>\u00a0ultime de la\u00a0modernit\u00e9<\/strong>. C’est un outil majeur de la r\u00e9volution industrielle. Il porte les espoirs de d\u00e9veloppement et d’enrichissement les plus fous, mais cristallise aussi les angoisses et le rejet du changement.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1820, apparaissent les premi\u00e8res lignes de chemin de fer en Grande-Bretagne, n\u00e9es des besoins de l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re. La Belgique est la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 embo\u00eeter le pas et en 1835, L\u00e9opold Ier inaugure une ligne ferroviaire reliant Bruxelles \u00e0 Malines.<\/p>\n

Le train modifie la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en profondeur. Il bouleverse le rapport au temps et \u00e0 l\u2019espace. Partout il tisse sa toile : au sein des villes, o\u00f9 les gares, ponts de m\u00e9tal ou voies ferr\u00e9es mordent toujours plus sur le tissu urbain ; mais aussi dans les campagnes o\u00f9 le train fait intrusion, d\u00e9chirant le paysage. Il devient aussi un outil du tourisme naissant, promu \u00e0 grand renfort d\u2019affiches et d\u00e9clin\u00e9 en trois classes, que des dessinateurs, tel Daumier, se r\u00e9galent \u00e0 observer.<\/p>\n

A la fin du XIXe, les impressionnistes s\u2019emparent de sujets modernes, dont celui du chemin de fer. Nuages de vapeur, mouvement des trains, lumi\u00e8res changeantes de la gare et de ses alentours sont autant d\u2019aspects que Monet, Caillebotte, De Nittis ou Ottmann s\u2019efforcent de restituer. A la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, les fr\u00e8res Lumi\u00e8re r\u00e9alisent L\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un train en gare de la Ciotat. Cin\u00e9ma et photographie feront eux aussi la part belle \u00e0 l\u2019univers ferroviaire.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est \u00e9galement la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne\u2014 sa vitesse, sa violence et les sensations qu\u2019elle g\u00e9n\u00e8re – qui int\u00e9resse les futuristes comme Severini, Baldessari ou Sant\u2019Elia. Boccioni sera quant \u00e0 lui l\u2019un des premiers \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux aspects psychologiques du voyage.<\/p>\n

Les surr\u00e9alistes adoptent le point de vue du voyageur : les aspects psychologiques prennent le pas sur l\u2019attrait de la modernit\u00e9. Freud et ses recherches sur le train et ses effets sur les passagers nourrissent leur travail. Max Ernst s\u2019int\u00e9resse au microcosme du compartiment, Blaise Cendrars associe voyage et processus introspectif. De Chirico, Delvaux ou Magritte g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des images de r\u00e9alit\u00e9s alternatives, peupl\u00e9es de mouvements immobiles, de trains hors du temps, habitant un monde \u00e9trange, voire inqui\u00e9tant.<\/p>\n

En janvier 1877, Claude Monet s\u2019installe pr\u00e8s de la gare Saint-Lazare. D\u00e9sireux de s\u2019atteler \u00e0 un sujet r\u00e9solument moderne et urbain, le peintre obtient du directeur des Chemins de fer de l\u2019Ouest l\u2019autorisation officielle de dresser son chevalet \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la gare. L’exposition pr\u00e9sente quelques-uns de ses\u00a0tableaux de la gare Saint-Lazare.\u00a0 Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me exposition des Impressionnistes en 1877, de nombreux critiques reconnaissent sa remarquable capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 restituer la vie de la gare, ses couleurs et ses bruits.<\/p>\n

Voici une exposition qui retrace l’\u00e9motion, l’inspiration, la crainte et l’espoir suscit\u00e9s par les trains et les gares.<\/p>\n

Photos de Igor Pliner, igor@pliner.be<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Exposition Europalia – Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. A ses d\u00e9buts, le train\u00a0est le\u00a0symbole\u00a0ultime de la\u00a0modernit\u00e9. C’est un outil majeur de la r\u00e9volution industrielle. Il porte les espoirs de d\u00e9veloppement et d’enrichissement les plus fous, mais cristallise aussi les angoisses et le…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":156,"featured_media":1451627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11386,94,85,5700],"tags":[4098,686,95791,95790],"class_list":["post-1451626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","category-europe-fr","category-reportages-photo","tag-bruxelles","tag-exposition","tag-modernite","tag-trains"],"yoast_head":"\nLe train, symbole de modernit\u00e9 et d'espoir, sous le pinceau des artistes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exposition Europalia - Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. A ses d\u00e9buts, le train\u00a0est le\u00a0symbole\u00a0ultime de la\u00a0modernit\u00e9. 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