{"id":1414893,"date":"2021-08-17T21:50:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T20:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1414893"},"modified":"2021-08-17T21:50:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T20:50:00","slug":"la-republique-du-rif-un-etat-autoproclame-et-non-reconnu-internationalement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2021\/08\/la-republique-du-rif-un-etat-autoproclame-et-non-reconnu-internationalement\/","title":{"rendered":"La R\u00e9publique du Rif : un \u00e9tat autoproclam\u00e9 et non reconnu internationalement"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong>La R\u00e9publique du Rif (Tagduda n Arrif en berb\u00e8re), est un \u00e9tat bord\u00e9 par la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e au nord, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e0 l\u2019est, les plaines qui la s\u00e9parent du Maroc au sud et l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique \u00e0 l\u2019ouest. Compos\u00e9 de montagnes et de plaines, le Rif s\u2019\u00e9tend sur pr\u00e8s de 500 km de Tanger \u00e0 Berkane et Kebdana ( fronti\u00e8re entre l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et le Maroc ), irrigu\u00e9 par la Moulouya ; de l\u2019ouest \u00e0 l\u2019est, la R\u00e9publique du Rif passe par les villes de Ceuta, T\u00e9touan, Chefchaouen, Targuist, Al Hoce\u00efma, Driouch, Melilla et Nador.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>La guerre entre la R\u00e9publique du Rif d\u2019Abdelkrim, les Espagnols et les Fran\u00e7ais entre 1921 et 1926 reste largement m\u00e9connue. Cette guerre coloniale extr\u00eamement violente marque pourtant une \u00e9tape d\u00e9cisive dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019anticolonialisme et dans la construction de la nation riffienne.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du Maroc, l\u2019histoire du protectorat demeure pertinente dans le contexte actuel. La dette ext\u00e9rieure est toujours per\u00e7ue comme synonyme de la perte de souverainet\u00e9 qui \u00e9tablit la supr\u00e9matie de la France sur le Maroc.<\/p>\n<p>En 1958, 30 000 soldats marocains, dirig\u00e9s par le futur Hassan II, alors chef d\u2019\u00e9tat-major des arm\u00e9es, r\u00e9priment un premier soul\u00e8vement dans le Rif (pr\u00e8s de 3000 morts). Sous la domination de la monarchie marocaine, l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Rif se trouvera, de fait, exclu de la vie politique marocaine tout au long du r\u00e8gne d\u2019Hassan II. Un deuxi\u00e8me soul\u00e8vement dans la r\u00e9gion a eu lieu en 1984 et, selon diverses sources, a fait des dizaines de morts et des emprisonnements avec de lourdes peines. Auparavant, le r\u00f4le principal \u00e9tait tenu par Abdelkrim El-Khattabi, originaire du petit village d\u2019Ajdir dans le territoire de la tribu des A\u00eft Ouriaghel. Il \u00e9tait un enseignant et un journaliste pour le quotidien de Melilla, Le T\u00e9l\u00e9gramme du Rif. Dans la ville de Melilla, il travaillait avec les Espagnols ; Il pensait que ceci rapprocherait culturellement les deux peuples. Mais d\u00e9couvrant le travail forc\u00e9 dans les mines du Rif qui alimentaient l\u2019industrie militaire espagnole, ainsi que le travail forc\u00e9 dans les champs, Abdelkrim retourna dans son village natal pour soulever les tribus du Rif et commencer la R\u00e9sistance et la r\u00e9bellion pour un peuple souverain.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque ann\u00e9e, la pauvret\u00e9 dans le Rif a oblig\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de Riffiens \u00e0 se rendre en masse dans des pays europ\u00e9ens pour travailler ; D\u2019abord dans les mines de charbon au nord de la France et en Belgique, puis aux Pays-Bas et plus r\u00e9cemment en Espagne. Cette \u00e9migration permet, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019isolement relatif de cette r\u00e9gion, une am\u00e9lioration relative des conditions de vie des populations locales. Une grande partie de la population rurale est analphab\u00e8te. Cependant, la population des grandes villes du Rif fait partie de la classe moyenne et l\u00e0, certains sont ais\u00e9s, tous sont cultiv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Mais la mort atroce de Mohcine Fikri, un vendeur de poisson, a soudain r\u00e9veill\u00e9 la R\u00e9publique du Rif. Depuis, les habitants de la commune d\u2019Al-Hoce\u00efma ont manifest\u00e9 pacifiquement contre, p\u00eale-m\u00eale, l\u2019autoritarisme, la corruption, le ch\u00f4mage de masse, la pauvret\u00e9\u2026 et maintenant contre la r\u00e9pression : une trentaine de responsables du mouvement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s, parmi eux le personnage cl\u00e9 de la contestation, Nasser Zefzafi, 39 ans, apr\u00e8s deux jours de cavale.<\/p>\n<p>La R\u00e9publique du Rif est de retour sur le devant de la sc\u00e8ne, un demi-si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s les \u00e9v\u00e9nements odieux qui ont vu l\u2019arm\u00e9e marocaine r\u00e9primer dans la violence, pour ne pas dire plus, la moindre source de r\u00e9volte de cette population consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme ennemie. Si les acteurs ont chang\u00e9, le fond de l\u2019affaire reste le m\u00eame.<\/p>\n<p>Les sources locales et \u00e9trang\u00e8res de d\u00e9fense des droits humains affirment que les tortures subies par les populations du Rif, les plus atroces possibles, existent toujours; les s\u00e9vices sont op\u00e9r\u00e9s m\u00eame sur les parties les plus intimes des corps des victimes. La question doit encore \u00eatre pos\u00e9e; peut-\u00eatre le jour viendra-t-il o\u00f9 la question sera reconnue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La R\u00e9publique du Rif (Tagduda n Arrif en berb\u00e8re), est un \u00e9tat bord\u00e9 par la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e au nord, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e0 l\u2019est, les plaines qui la s\u00e9parent du Maroc au sud et l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique \u00e0 l\u2019ouest. Compos\u00e9 de montagnes et&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1885,"featured_media":1405712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,11386,94],"tags":[93987,1648,93988,267,88976],"class_list":["post-1414893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","tag-armee-marocaine","tag-chomage","tag-guerre-coloniale","tag-pauvrete","tag-rif-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La R\u00e9publique du Rif : un \u00e9tat autoproclam\u00e9 et non reconnu internationalement<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La R\u00e9publique du Rif (Tagduda n Arrif en berb\u00e8re), est un \u00e9tat bord\u00e9 par la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e au nord, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e0 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