{"id":1364537,"date":"2021-05-19T21:35:02","date_gmt":"2021-05-19T20:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1364537"},"modified":"2021-05-19T21:35:02","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T20:35:02","slug":"kabylie-destin-dune-nation-sans-etat-garant-dautonomie-et-dindependance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2021\/05\/kabylie-destin-dune-nation-sans-etat-garant-dautonomie-et-dindependance\/","title":{"rendered":"Kabylie : destin d\u2019une nation sans \u00c9tat garant d\u2019autonomie et d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Kabylie est une r\u00e9gion montagneuse d\u2019Afrique du Nord. Ses habitants l\u2019appellent en Kabyle \u201cTamurt Idurar\u201d (Pays des Montagnes) ou \u201cTamurt Leqvayel\u201d (Pays des Kabyles). Elle fait partie des montagnes de l\u2019Atlas et est situ\u00e9e au bord de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. La Kabylie compte sept divisions administratives : Tizi ouzou, Bejaja (Bgayet), Buira (Tubirett), Bordj Bou Arreridj, Jijel, Boumerdes et S\u00e9tif. Elle occupe une place tr\u00e8s particuli\u00e8re dans l\u2019ensemble du monde berb\u00e8re contemporain. L\u2019importance et le dynamisme de ses \u00e9lites, son r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans l\u2019\u00e9mergence de la conscience et des revendications berb\u00e8res contemporaines en font \u00e0 tous \u00e9gards une r\u00e9gion cl\u00e9 du monde berb\u00e8re.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Par Rabah Arkam<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Les \u00e9volutions actuelles et futures de la Kabylie seront sans doute d\u00e9terminantes pour l\u2019avenir et la survie m\u00eame de l\u2019identit\u00e9 berb\u00e8re. Elle est habit\u00e9e par une population dynamique et pacifique qui fait de la libert\u00e9 la valeur la plus sacr\u00e9e de son existence. Terre de toutes les aspirations, elle a connu de nombreux envahisseurs.<\/p>\n

La Kabylie poss\u00e8de une culture, une langue, un syst\u00e8me juridique et une histoire uniques et caract\u00e9ristiques. La majorit\u00e9 de la population Kabyle est solidement ancr\u00e9e dans l\u2019environnement et attach\u00e9e \u00e0 sa terre et \u00e0 son territoire traditionnel. Elle a souvent, et depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, \u00e9t\u00e9 traqu\u00e9e et assujettie, victime de la destruction de sa culture, de discrimination et de violations massives des droits humains. Depuis des si\u00e8cles, elle souffre de la non-reconnaissance de ses institutions politiques et culturelles, et l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de sa culture a \u00e9t\u00e9 affaiblie.<\/p>\n

Elle a souffert de la persistance de la politique anti-kabyle du r\u00e9gime alg\u00e9rien sur une population stigmatis\u00e9e et soumise \u00e0 des politiques de l\u2019\u00c9tat particuli\u00e8rement violentes. Le principe de toute souverainet\u00e9 r\u00e9side principalement dans \u201cLa Nation\u201d, et pourtant, apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de 1962, la Kabylie est induite en erreur par une pseudo-souverainet\u00e9 qu’elle croit d\u00e9tenir pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce qu\u2019elle est \u201cl\u2019\u00c9tat\u201d.<\/p>\n

La Kabylie est rest\u00e9e une r\u00e9gion \u00e0 part avant et apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, et a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une r\u00e9gion rebelle, avant et apr\u00e8s les \u00e9v\u00e9nements historiques : oppos\u00e9e aux Romains, aux Arabes, aux Turcs, puis aux Fran\u00e7ais. Dans sa lutte contre le colonisateur, elle esp\u00e9rait en retour la reconnaissance de sa sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 au sein de la nation alg\u00e9rienne. L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie socialiste n\u2019a pas reconnu sa langue, sa culture, ni m\u00eame r\u00e9ellement le r\u00f4le jou\u00e9 par ses dirigeants dans la guerre pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Les Kabyles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marginalis\u00e9s au sein du nouveau pouvoir et par les pr\u00e9sidents successifs, Ahmed Ben Bella, Houari Boumediene, Bouteflika, ainsi que Tebboune aujourd\u2019hui, qui guid\u00e9s par les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux du clan Oujda continuent \u00e0 arabiser et islamiser cette population.<\/p>\n

Toute l\u2019erreur est l\u00e0. Une erreur entretenue par la communaut\u00e9 internationale qui voit les \u00c9tats \u00e0 travers la d\u00e9finition qu\u2019en donne le droit international, entra\u00eenant une confusion \u00e9vidente entre l\u2019\u00c9tat qu\u2019elle reconna\u00eet, un collectif d\u2019\u00e2mes et une coquille vide, sans \u00e2mes puisque sans nation et donc une terre o\u00f9 la d\u00e9mocratie, au lieu de servir une nation, sert un poign\u00e9e d\u2019individus constitu\u00e9s en un \u00c9tat. En effet, seule l\u2019appartenance \u00e0 une \u201cnation\u201d cr\u00e9e la conscience d\u2019une identit\u00e9 nationale, par opposition \u00e0 un \u00c9tat et son h\u00e9g\u00e9monie. C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle l\u2019\u00c9tat alg\u00e9rien, n\u2019ayant pas construit des nations, continue \u00e0 dominer les peuples qui, non constitu\u00e9s en nations, sont divis\u00e9s ethniquement.<\/p>\n

En outre, la Kabylie a souffert des effets n\u00e9fastes des processus de d\u00e9veloppement, qui menacent s\u00e9rieusement son existence. Le consentement libre, pr\u00e9alable et \u00e9clair\u00e9 du peuple Kabyle sur les questions affectant ses terres, son territoire ancestral et ses ressources naturelles a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une condition essentielle \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de son droit \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9servation de son identit\u00e9, de sa culture sp\u00e9cifique et de sa langue, comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 par l\u2019article 3 de la D\u00e9claration des Nations Unies.<\/p>\n

Nous notons que la Charte des Nations Unies, le Pacte international relatif aux droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels et le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, ainsi que la D\u00e9claration et le Programme d\u2019action de Vienne, affirment l\u2019importance fondamentale du droit de tous les peuples \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination, droit en vertu duquel ils d\u00e9terminent librement leur statut politique, et assurent librement leur d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, social et culturel. Nous r\u00e9alisons que rien dans cette d\u00e9claration ne peut \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9 pour refuser \u00e0 un peuple quel qu\u2019il soit son droit \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination, exerc\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment au droit international.<\/p>\n

Le peuple Kabyle est fr\u00e9quemment confront\u00e9 \u00e0 la marginalisation et \u00e0 la discrimination l\u00e9gale dans son pays, ce qui le rend particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable aux violations des droits humains. Ceux qui d\u00e9fendent les droits du peuple kabyle sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des actes d\u2019intimidation et de violence, souvent soutenus par le r\u00e9gime alg\u00e9rien.<\/p>\n

Confront\u00e9 aux manifestations du Hirak (mot arabe signifiant \u00e9tymologiquement \u201cmouvement\u201d ) qui montrait son opposition, le gouvernement alg\u00e9rien a exploit\u00e9 cette diff\u00e9rence apparente entre les r\u00e9gions : en plus d\u2019interdire le drapeau berb\u00e8re, le r\u00e9gime a \u00e9galement r\u00e9pandu de nombreuses rumeurs, accusant la Kabylie de manipuler les manifestations. \u201cLa campagne anti-r\u00e9volutionnaire utilise la Kabylie comme une excuse\u201d.<\/p>\n

La poursuite de l\u2019arabit\u00e9 a eu pour corollaire l\u2019islamit\u00e9. Les autorit\u00e9s alg\u00e9riennes ont toujours compt\u00e9 sur une politique d\u2019arabisation car elle consacre la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat dont l\u2019Islam est le d\u00e9positaire. La religion a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e comme un instrument qui doit freiner une \u00e9ventuelle progression des mouvements la\u00efques et d\u00e9mocratiques.<\/p>\n

En m\u00eame temps, le gouvernement alg\u00e9rien a favoris\u00e9 les mouvements islamistes extr\u00e9mistes et leur a permis d\u2019accro\u00eetre leur influence politique au point de menacer l\u2019existence du peuple kabyle, victime de l\u2019arabisme et l’islamisme qui ne sont que des masques d\u2019hypocrisie. Ce combat est celui de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 contre les mensonges, de la non-violence contre la violence, de la d\u00e9mocratie contre un r\u00e9gime autoritaire, de la justice contre l\u2019injustice et contre la privation de libert\u00e9. La r\u00e9sistance non-violente est ici le moyen privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de lutte en faveur des droits humains. Son objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral est d\u2019\u0153uvrer pour plus de justice et de libert\u00e9.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduit de l’anglais par Evelyn Tischer<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Kabylie est une r\u00e9gion montagneuse d\u2019Afrique du Nord. Ses habitants l\u2019appellent en Kabyle \u201cTamurt Idurar\u201d (Pays des Montagnes) ou \u201cTamurt Leqvayel\u201d (Pays des Kabyles). Elle fait partie des montagnes de l\u2019Atlas et est situ\u00e9e au bord de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1885,"featured_media":1351241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,11386,94,163,99],"tags":[4137,62950,80091],"class_list":["post-1364537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","category-opinion-fr","category-peuples-autochtones","tag-algerie","tag-auto-determination","tag-kabylie-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nKabylie : destin d\u2019une nation sans \u00c9tat garant d\u2019autonomie et d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Kabylie est une r\u00e9gion montagneuse d\u2019Afrique du Nord. 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