{"id":1277882,"date":"2021-01-14T23:18:21","date_gmt":"2021-01-14T23:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=1277882"},"modified":"2021-01-14T23:18:21","modified_gmt":"2021-01-14T23:18:21","slug":"yennayer-2971-le-nouvel-an-berbere-en-afrique-du-nord","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2021\/01\/yennayer-2971-le-nouvel-an-berbere-en-afrique-du-nord\/","title":{"rendered":"Yennayer 2971 : le Nouvel An berb\u00e8re en Afrique du Nord"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chez les Berb\u00e8res d\u2019Afrique du Nord, ce 12 janvier fut le premier jour de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2971 selon le calendrier Amazigh (Berb\u00e8re) qui d\u00e9bute en 950 avant JC, ann\u00e9e de la victoire du roi berb\u00e8re Chachnaq sur le pharaon Ramses III et de l\u2019intronisation du roi berb\u00e8re Sheshonq en tant que pharaon d\u2019Egypte et fondateur de la XXII\u00e8me dynastie<\/strong>\u00a0qui a r\u00e9gn\u00e9 en \u00c9gypte jusqu\u2019en 715 avant JC.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Par Rabah Arkam<\/p>\n

Ce roi berb\u00e8re a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 unifier l\u2019Egypte et a ensuite envahi le Royaume d\u2019Isra\u00ebl. On raconte qu\u2019il s\u2019est empar\u00e9 des tr\u00e9sors du Temple de Salomon \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem en 926 avant JC. Cette date mentionn\u00e9e dans la Bible serait la premi\u00e8re date \u00e9crite dans l\u2019histoire berb\u00e8re. Dans la Bible, le roi Sheshonq est cit\u00e9 sous S\u00e9saq ou Shishaq en ancien h\u00e9breu. La nouvelle ann\u00e9e se dit \u00ab\u00a0Yennayer<\/strong> \u00bb en berb\u00e8re. \u00c9tymologiquement, ce nom est constitu\u00e9 de \u00abYen<\/b>\u00bb signifiant \u00ab premier \u00bb, et \u00ab Ayer<\/b> \u00bb qui signifie \u00ab mois \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Cette f\u00eate a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 marginalis\u00e9e par les r\u00e9gimes acquis \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9ologie arabo-musulmane. Les islamistes pour qui ces festivit\u00e9s sont un p\u00e9ch\u00e9 (haram) font tous les ans campagne contre les festivit\u00e9s de Yennayer. Cela n\u2019emp\u00eache pas cette f\u00eate d\u2019\u00eatre de plus en plus populaire.<\/p>\n

Les Berb\u00e8res d\u2019Afrique du Nord tentent aujourd\u2019hui de donner forme \u00e0 leur histoire et \u00e0 leur identit\u00e9 dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et c\u00e9l\u00e8brent Yennayer qui marque le premier jour de l\u2019ann\u00e9e selon le calendrier agraire utilis\u00e9 par les Berb\u00e8res depuis l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9. Il correspond au 12\u00e8me jour du mois de janvier du calendrier julien. Comme le calendrier gr\u00e9gorien, le calendrier berb\u00e8re est divis\u00e9 en douze mois et est appliqu\u00e9 par les populations nord africaines telles que les Kabyles, les Riffs, les Touaregs, les Siwa… depuis l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Traditionnellement, les familles se rassemblent et partagent un repas, nomm\u00e9 Imensi n\u2019Yennayer, souvent un couscous \u00e0 la volaille. Il est habituel de garder une part et une cuill\u00e8re pour les absents, les parents \u00e9loign\u00e9s et les pauvres. Ce repas doit \u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9reux, symbole de l\u2019abondance de l\u2019ann\u00e9e qui commence et \u00e9v\u00e8nement marquant dans l\u2019histoire des peuples berb\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Les Amazighs, mieux connus sous le nom de Berb\u00e8res, sont une mosa\u00efque de peuples qui s\u2019\u00e9tend de l\u2019Egypte aux \u00celes Canaries, en passant par l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, la Tunisie, le Niger ou le Mali. On les appellent \u00ab\u00a0Imazighen \u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0(pluriel de Amazigh), \u00ab hommes libres<\/b> \u00bb. Leur langue est le Tamazight. Les Berb\u00e8res ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s\u2019assurer davantage de droits au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, mais ils continuent \u00e0 se battre pour la reconnaissance de leur identit\u00e9 et de leur culture.<\/p>\n

Les Berb\u00e8res ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 marginalis\u00e9s, exclus, et leurs sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s culturelles reni\u00e9es par des Etats qui ne consid\u00e8rent par leur Constitution que la langue arabe et la religion musulmane. Au Maroc et en Alg\u00e9rie, la discrimination est pr\u00e9sente sous diverses formes, comme on a pu le voir avec plusieurs r\u00e9voltes en Kabylie ou dans le Rif. Les organisations berb\u00e8res d\u00e9plorent le rejet de leur culture, alors que les Kabyles se battent pour que le pays reconnaisse enfin Yennayer comme une f\u00eate nationale.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s plusieurs ann\u00e9es de discrimination et de r\u00e9pression, les Libyens continuent \u00e0 se battre pour obtenir le droit \u00e0 leur langue. En Tunisie et en \u00c9gypte, le poids d\u00e9mographique des Amazighs est inconnu puisque les statistiques sur les ethnies et sur les langues parl\u00e9es sont interdites.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rences entre les activistes, la mani\u00e8re dont ils revendiquent leur identit\u00e9, que ce soit en Alg\u00e9rie, au Maroc, en Libye ou en Tunisie, ils seront les vainqueurs de l\u2019histoire pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations \u00e0 venir chez les Amazigh.<\/p>\n

Assegas Amegaz!<\/p>\n

Bonne ann\u00e9e !<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traduction de l\u2019anglais, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Drouet<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chez les Berb\u00e8res d\u2019Afrique du Nord, ce 12 janvier fut le premier jour de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2971 selon le calendrier Amazigh (Berb\u00e8re) qui d\u00e9bute en 950 avant JC, ann\u00e9e de la victoire du roi berb\u00e8re Chachnaq sur le pharaon Ramses III…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1885,"featured_media":1276230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,11386,94,40,99],"tags":[86194,86195],"class_list":["post-1277882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-fr","category-contenu-original","category-culture-fr","category-international-fr","category-peuples-autochtones","tag-berbers-fr","tag-yennayer-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nYennayer 2971 : le Nouvel An berb\u00e8re en Afrique du Nord<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chez les Berb\u00e8res d\u2019Afrique du Nord, ce 12 janvier fut le premier jour de 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His work focuses on preserving and promoting Amazigh (Berber) identity and cultural rights, along with strong advocacy for democratic governance and political reform in Algeria and the wider North African region. Arkam\u2019s activism highlights democracy, secularism, and regional autonomy within a federal system. He has contributed important analyzes on political change, cultural diversity, and the relationship between the state and society in complex sociopolitical contexts.","url":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/author\/rabah-arkam\/"}]}},"place":"Etats-Unis","original_article_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1885"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1277882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1276230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1277882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1277882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1277882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}