{"id":118986,"date":"2014-07-14T20:54:09","date_gmt":"2014-07-14T19:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=118986"},"modified":"2014-07-14T20:58:36","modified_gmt":"2014-07-14T19:58:36","slug":"les-forces-nucleaires-diminuent-poursuivent-modernisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/07\/les-forces-nucleaires-diminuent-poursuivent-modernisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Les forces nucl\u00e9aires diminuent, mais poursuivent leur modernisation"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nuclear missiles, Photo source: ICAN<\/p>\n

Par Jean-Marie Collin. \u201cBlog D\u00e9fense et G\u00e9opolitique, Alternatives-Internationales<\/a>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) publie aujourd\u2019hui ses donn\u00e9es annuelles sur les forces nucl\u00e9aires, qui dressent les tendances et les d\u00e9veloppements actuels des arsenaux nucl\u00e9aires mondiaux.<\/p>\n

Le constat est clair<\/strong>, l\u2019arsenal nucl\u00e9aire mondial d\u00e9tenu par les\u00a0\u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie, le Royaume-Uni, la France, la Chine, l\u2019Inde, le Pakistan, Isra\u00ebl et la Cor\u00e9e du Nord a diminu\u00e9, passant\u00a0de\u00a017 270 armes nucl\u00e9aires en 2013\u00a0contre 16 300 actuellement.\u00a0Cette\u00a0diminution est uniquement du aux actions de la Russie et des Etats-Unis qui \u201cd\u00e9tiennent encore plus de 93 % des armes nucl\u00e9aires dans le monde\u201c.\u00a0Il est d\u00e9sormais admis que la\u00a0Cor\u00e9e du Nord a produit un petit nombre d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires (6 \u00e0 8). Les forces nucl\u00e9aires indiennes,\u00a0pakistanaises et chinoises n\u2019ont\u00a0cess\u00e9\u00a0d\u2019augmenter depuis 2010.<\/p>\n

Table 1. World nuclear forces, 2014<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Country<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

Year of first<\/strong><\/p>\n

nuclear test<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Deployed warheads*<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Other warheads<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Total 2014<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

USA<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1945<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1920<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5380<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Russia<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1949<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1600<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a06400<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

UK<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1952<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

160<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a065<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

225<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

France<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1960<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

290<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

China<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1964<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

250<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

250<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

India<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1974<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a090\u2013110<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90\u2013110<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Pakistan<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

1998<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100\u2013120<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100\u2013120<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Israel<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

. .
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

80<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

80<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

North Korea<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

2006<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6\u20138<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6\u20138<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Total<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3970<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12\u00a0350<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16\u00a0300<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Source:\u00a0SIPRI Yearbook 2014 \u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

La France<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0est donc selon ce classement la troisi\u00e8me\u00a0puissance\u00a0nucl\u00e9aire mondial avec un arsenal de 300 ogives. Mais il faut rajouter une petite\u00a0distinction, 290 de ses armes sont op\u00e9rationnels soit 96,66 % de son arsenal \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence avec les Etats-Unis pour qui seul 26,30% de son\u00a0arsenal est d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 et pr\u00eat \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire <\/strong>existe, mais celui-ci est d\u2019une grande lenteur comme l\u2019affirment les chercheurs du SIPRI, Shannon Kile et Phillip Patton Schell :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Cette ann\u00e9e encore, les \u00c9tats dot\u00e9s d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires ont engag\u00e9 peu d\u2019actions allant dans le sens d\u2019une v\u00e9ritable volont\u00e9 de travailler au d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement complet de leurs arsenaux nucl\u00e9aires. Les programmes de modernisation \u00e0 long terme en cours dans ces pays laissent entendre que les armes nucl\u00e9aires resteront des \u00e9l\u00e9ments profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9s dans leur calcul strat\u00e9gique \u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Un constat largement partag\u00e9 lors de la\u00a0conf\u00e9rence du TNP<\/a>\u00a0et qui remet clairement en jeu l\u2019esprit et la lettre de ce trait\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La modernisation des arsenaux<\/strong> est une nouvelle fois d\u00e9cri\u00e9e, puisque toutes les puissances nucl\u00e9aires modernisent leurs arsenaux et continuent de faire reposer leur d\u00e9fense sur une politique de dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire. Pour ce qui est de la France cette\u00a0modernisation<\/a>\u00a0passe par le M51, l\u2019ASMP-A, les nouvelles ogives nucl\u00e9aires TNO et TNA, les SNLE-NG, et les \u00e9tudes pour d\u00e9j\u00e0 remplacer ces syst\u00e8mes qui sont actifs ou qui seront prochainement mis en oeuvre\u2026.<\/p>\n

Source : http:\/\/alternatives-economiques.fr\/blogs\/collin\/2014\/06\/16\/les-forces-nucleaires-diminuent-mais-poursuivent-leur-modernisation\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nuclear missiles, Photo source: ICAN Par Jean-Marie Collin. \u201cBlog D\u00e9fense et G\u00e9opolitique, Alternatives-Internationales\u201d Le Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) publie aujourd\u2019hui ses donn\u00e9es annuelles sur les forces nucl\u00e9aires, qui dressent les tendances et les d\u00e9veloppements actuels des arsenaux nucl\u00e9aires…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1057,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163,93,95],"tags":[11481,4305,3442,312,11478,1034,813,470,11479,9120,2324,4304,4582,11480],"class_list":["post-118986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinion-fr","category-politique","category-affaires-etrangeres","tag-arsenaux-nucleaires","tag-chine","tag-coree-du-nord","tag-etats-unis","tag-forces-nucleaires","tag-france-fr","tag-inde","tag-israel-fr","tag-modernisation","tag-pakistan-fr","tag-royaume-uni","tag-russie","tag-sipri-fr","tag-stockholm-international-peace-research-institute-sipri"],"yoast_head":"\nLes forces nucl\u00e9aires diminuent, mais poursuivent leur modernisation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nuclear missiles, Photo source: ICAN Par Jean-Marie Collin. \u201cBlog D\u00e9fense et G\u00e9opolitique, 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Collin","description":"Jean-Marie Collin travail\u200ble\u200b comme expert pour diff\u00e9rentes organisations fran\u00e7aises et internationales sur les questions de d\u00e9fense et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationale, avec une expertise plus particuli\u00e8re, depuis quatorze ans, dans les domaines de la dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire, du d\u00e9sarmement, de la ma\u00eetrise des armements et de la non-prolif\u00e9ration nucl\u00e9aire et les enjeux environnementaux. Il est Vice-pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019organisation Initiatives pour le D\u00e9sarmement Nucl\u00e9aire (IDN), Directeur pour la France et pays Francophones du r\u00e9seau des Parlementaires pour la non-prolif\u00e9ration et le d\u00e9sarmement nucl\u00e9aire (PNND) ; Chercheur associ\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du GRIP et membre de la Campagne internationale pour l\u2019Abolition des armes nucl\u00e9aires (ICAN France). 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