{"id":112411,"date":"2014-06-10T22:01:49","date_gmt":"2014-06-10T21:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=112411"},"modified":"2014-06-10T22:03:24","modified_gmt":"2014-06-10T21:03:24","slug":"tribunaux-detrousser-les-etats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/06\/tribunaux-detrousser-les-etats\/","title":{"rendered":"Des tribunaux pour d\u00e9trousser les Etats"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<blockquote><p>Des multinationales qui tra\u00eenent des \u00c9tats en justice pour imposer leur loi et faire valoir leurs \u00ab<small>\u00a0<\/small>droits<small>\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb, cela ne rel\u00e8ve pas du fantasme\u00a0: on compte d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de cinq cents cas dans le monde.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div>par <strong>Beno\u00eet Br\u00e9ville et Martine Bulard<\/strong>, juin 2014<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il a suffi de 31\u00a0euros pour que le groupe fran\u00e7ais Veolia parte en guerre contre l\u2019une des seules victoires du \u00ab<small>\u00a0<\/small>printemps<small>\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb 2011 remport\u00e9es par les Egyptiens\u00a0: l\u2019augmentation du salaire minimum de 400 \u00e0 700\u00a0livres par mois (de 41 \u00e0 72\u00a0euros). Une somme jug\u00e9e inacceptable par la multinationale, qui a port\u00e9 plainte contre l\u2019Egypte, le 25\u00a0juin\u00a02012, devant le Centre international pour le r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends relatifs aux investissements (Cirdi), une officine de la Banque mondiale. Motif invoqu\u00e9<small>\u00a0<\/small>? La <i>\u00ab<small>\u00a0<\/small>nouvelle loi sur le travail<small>\u00a0<\/small>\u00bb<\/i> contreviendrait aux engagements pris dans le cadre du partenariat public-priv\u00e9 sign\u00e9 avec la ville d\u2019Alexandrie pour le traitement des d\u00e9chets. Le grand march\u00e9 transatlantique (GMT) en cours de n\u00e9gociation pourrait inclure un dispositif permettant ainsi \u00e0 des entreprises de poursuivre des pays \u2014 c\u2019est en tout cas le souhait des Etats-Unis et des organisations patronales. Tous les gouvernements signataires pourraient alors se trouver expos\u00e9s aux m\u00e9saventures \u00e9gyptiennes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le lucratif filon du r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends entre investisseurs et Etats (RDIE) a d\u00e9j\u00e0 assur\u00e9 la fortune de nombreuses soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es. En\u00a02004, le groupe am\u00e9ricain Cargill a, par exemple, fait payer 90,7\u00a0millions de <a id=\"_GPLITA_0\" title=\"Click to Continue &gt; by Plus-HD-3.5\" href=\"http:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/#\">dollars<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/cdncache1-a.akamaihd.net\/items\/it\/img\/arrow-10x10.png\" \/><\/a> (66\u00a0millions d\u2019euros) au Mexique, reconnu coupable d\u2019avoir cr\u00e9\u00e9 une nouvelle taxe sur les sodas. En\u00a02010, la Tampa Electric a obtenu 25\u00a0millions de dollars du Guatemala en s\u2019attaquant \u00e0 une loi plafonnant les tarifs de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Plus r\u00e9cemment, en\u00a02012, le Sri Lanka a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 verser 60\u00a0millions de dollars \u00e0 la Deutsche Bank, en raison de la modification d\u2019un contrat p\u00e9trolier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Encore en cours, la plainte de Veolia a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9e au nom du trait\u00e9 d\u2019investissement conclu entre la France et l\u2019Egypte. Sign\u00e9s entre deux pays ou inclus dans des accords de libre-\u00e9change, il existe plus de trois mille trait\u00e9s de ce type dans le monde. Ils prot\u00e8gent les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9trang\u00e8res contre toute d\u00e9cision publique (une loi, un r\u00e8glement, une norme) qui pourrait nuire \u00e0 leurs investissements.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/2014\/06\/BREVILLE\/50487\" target=\"_blank\">Extraits d&rsquo;un article publi\u00e9 par le Monde Diplomatique <\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/2014\/06\/A\/50484\" target=\"_blank\">Historique du Grand March\u00e9 Transatlantique <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des multinationales qui tra\u00eenent des \u00c9tats en justice pour imposer leur loi et faire valoir leurs \u00ab\u00a0droits\u00a0\u00bb, cela ne rel\u00e8ve pas du fantasme\u00a0: on compte d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de cinq cents cas dans le monde. par Beno\u00eet Br\u00e9ville et Martine Bulard,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":752,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,40],"tags":[5609,321,7255,10932,3426],"class_list":["post-112411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economie","category-international-fr","tag-deregulation","tag-egypte","tag-grand-marche-transatlantique-ue-usa","tag-salaire-minimum","tag-veolia-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Des tribunaux pour d\u00e9trousser les Etats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des multinationales qui tra\u00eenent des \u00c9tats en justice pour imposer leur loi et faire valoir leurs \u00ab\u00a0droits\u00a0\u00bb, cela ne rel\u00e8ve pas du fantasme\u00a0: on compte\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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