{"id":103371,"date":"2014-04-25T18:20:08","date_gmt":"2014-04-25T17:20:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/?p=103371"},"modified":"2014-04-25T18:20:08","modified_gmt":"2014-04-25T17:20:08","slug":"concentration-fonciere-en-europe-vers-agriculture-paysans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/fr\/2014\/04\/concentration-fonciere-en-europe-vers-agriculture-paysans\/","title":{"rendered":"Concentration fonci\u00e8re en Europe : vers une agriculture sans paysans ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par Sophie Chapelle<\/p>\n

\n
\n

Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de concentration et d\u2019accaparement des terres ne concernent pas que l\u2019Afrique ou l\u2019Asie. Les gros propri\u00e9taires terriens sont aussi tr\u00e8s actifs au sein de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. C\u2019est ce que montre une infographie publi\u00e9e le 14 avril par l\u2019organisation Transnational Institute<\/i>, bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Amsterdam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Les donn\u00e9es sont effarantes\u00a0: 3\u00a0% des plus grandes exploitations agricoles contr\u00f4lent 50% des terres dans l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne\u00a0! \u00c0 l\u2019instar de ce qui se joue en France (voir notre enqu\u00eate<\/a>), ces exploitations s\u2019agrandissent au d\u00e9triment des petites fermes. Entre 2003 et 2010, le nombre de fermes inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 10 hectares (ha) a par exemple diminu\u00e9 d\u2019un quart. Dans le m\u00eame temps, les exploitations de plus de 50 ha se sont \u00e9tendues sur 7 millions d\u2019ha, soit la surface de l\u2019Irlande\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Cette course aux hectares agricoles touche d\u2019abord les pays d\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est. La Hongrie, la Roumanie et la Serbie sont les pays europ\u00e9ens les plus convoit\u00e9s par les investisseurs \u00e9trangers. 500\u00a0000 hectares en Serbie, soit 15\u00a0% du foncier agricole, ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 accapar\u00e9s par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s commerciales, rel\u00e8ve le Transnational Institute (voir \u00e9galement cet article de Basta\u00a0!<\/i> sur la Roumanie<\/a>). \u00c0 ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de concentration et de financiarisation des terres agricoles, se m\u00eale le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019artificialisation des terres. Entre 2005 et 2010, la surface agricole a perdu 227\u00a0200 hectares en France, soit la superficie du Luxembourg r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9e au profit du b\u00e9tonnage et de zones commerciales. Mais dans ce domaine, c\u2019est l\u2019Allemagne qui caracole en t\u00eate.<\/p>\n

Des subventions qui creusent les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Transnational Institute<\/i> met aussi l\u2019accent sur le r\u00f4le de la Politique agricole commune (PAC) qui incite \u00e0 l\u2019agrandissement des exploitations et \u00e0 la concentration des terres. Depuis 1992, les soutiens apport\u00e9s aux prix des produits agricoles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9s par des subventions \u00e0 la production. Autrement dit, plus la surface d\u2019une exploitation est importante, plus l\u2019agriculteur re\u00e7oit des aides. R\u00e9sultat, en 2011, 1,5\u00a0% des plus grandes exploitations agricoles ont per\u00e7u un tiers des subventions de la PAC. Ces in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans l\u2019attribution des aides sont aussi g\u00e9ographiques\u00a0: l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Ouest, qui repr\u00e9sente 44\u00a0% des fermes, a re\u00e7u 80\u00a0% des subventions \u2013 contre 20\u00a0% pour l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est.<\/p>\n

Qui sont les principaux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de ces aides\u00a0? Ce ne sont pas des agriculteurs mais des entreprises du secteur agroalimentaire. Depuis 1997, Friesland Campina, une coop\u00e9rative n\u00e9erlandaise de produits laitiers, a ainsi per\u00e7u 1,6 milliards d\u2019euros de subventions\u00a0! L\u2019entreprise fran\u00e7aise Saint Louis Sucre (filiale de l\u2019allemand S\u00fcdzucker) a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de 196 millions de subventions depuis 2004. Et au Royaume-Uni, la multinationale Nestl\u00e9 \u00e0 per\u00e7u 197 millions d\u2019euros.<\/p>\n

Voir l\u2019infographie compl\u00e8te<\/a> en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

Elle s\u2019appuie sur les donn\u00e9es d\u2019un rapport de ECVC (Coordination europ\u00e9enne de la Via Campesina) et de l\u2019Alliance Hands-Off The Land\u00a0[1<\/a>]. Ces organisations appellent les pouvoirs publics \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9duire la marchandisation de la terre et \u00e0 promouvoir la gestion publique des territoires\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>. Elles demandent \u00e0 ce que la priorit\u00e9 soit donn\u00e9e aux petits agriculteurs qui promeuvent l\u2019agriculture paysanne et la production alimentaire soutenable. Et proposent la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une banque de donn\u00e9es permettant de suivre les transactions fonci\u00e8res des gouvernements et entreprises. Avec l\u2019objectif, esp\u00e8rent-elles, d\u2019endiguer la disparition programm\u00e9e des petits paysans.<\/p>\n

[1<\/a>]\u00a0T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le rapport en anglais Land concentration, land grabbing and people\u2019s struggles in Europe<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Source : multinationales.org\/Concentration-fonciere-en-Europe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Sophie Chapelle Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de concentration et d\u2019accaparement des terres ne concernent pas que l\u2019Afrique ou l\u2019Asie. Les gros propri\u00e9taires terriens sont aussi tr\u00e8s actifs au sein de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. C\u2019est ce que montre une infographie publi\u00e9e le 14…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":926,"featured_media":103373,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,40],"tags":[3698,10183,10184],"class_list":["post-103371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-international-fr","tag-agriculture","tag-concentration","tag-subvention-europeenne"],"yoast_head":"\nConcentration fonci\u00e8re en Europe : vers une agriculture sans paysans ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Par Sophie Chapelle Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de concentration et d\u2019accaparement des terres ne concernent pas que l\u2019Afrique ou l\u2019Asie. 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