{"id":1799233,"date":"2024-02-14T18:08:05","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T18:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/2024\/02\/scientists-create-artificial-worm-gut-that-breaks-down-plastic\/"},"modified":"2025-01-23T16:24:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T16:24:45","slug":"cientificos-crean-un-intestino-de-lombriz-artificial-que-descompone-el-plastico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pressenza.com\/es\/2024\/02\/cientificos-crean-un-intestino-de-lombriz-artificial-que-descompone-el-plastico\/","title":{"rendered":"Cient\u00edficos crean un intestino de lombriz artificial que descompone el pl\u00e1stico"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las noticias sobre enzimas e insectos comedores de pl\u00e1stico han sido noticia en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os. Por ejemplo, los hongos que digieren el pl\u00e1stico<\/a> en las marismas costeras o la oruga de la polilla de la cera<\/a>, que puede vivir del polietileno en su fase larvaria. Sin embargo, para utilizar estos organismos comedores de pl\u00e1stico, los cient\u00edficos necesitar\u00edan poder criarlos en grandes cantidades.<\/p>\n

Cient\u00edficos de la Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Nanyang, Singapur (NTU Singapur) han encontrado una posible soluci\u00f3n a este problema, desarrollando un intestino artificial de lombriz capaz de descomponer pl\u00e1sticos sin necesidad de criar lombrices a gran escala. Los cient\u00edficos han publicado<\/a> sus resultados en la revista Environment International<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Otro estudio de 2020<\/a> descubri\u00f3 que los gusanos Zophobas atratus<\/em> tienen bacterias intestinales capaces de descomponer pl\u00e1sticos comunes, pero los cient\u00edficos de la NTU de Singapur observaron que este m\u00e9todo de descomposici\u00f3n de pl\u00e1sticos no es viable para esa magnitud de pl\u00e1sticos, porque los gusanos comen y descomponen el pl\u00e1stico lentamente y requieren mucho mantenimiento para criarlos en grandes cantidades.<\/p>\n

\u00abUn solo gusano s\u00f3lo puede consumir un par de miligramos de pl\u00e1stico a lo largo de su vida, as\u00ed que imag\u00ednense la cantidad de gusanos que har\u00edan falta si dependi\u00e9ramos de ellos para procesar nuestros residuos pl\u00e1sticos\u00bb, explica en un comunicado<\/a> Cao Bin, profesor asociado de la Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Civil y Medioambiental de la universidad. \u00abNuestro m\u00e9todo elimina esta necesidad quitando al gusano de la ecuaci\u00f3n. Nos centramos en potenciar los microbios \u00fatiles del intestino del gusano y en construir un ‘intestino de gusano’ artificial que pueda descomponer los pl\u00e1sticos de forma eficiente.\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As\u00ed que el equipo de la NTU de Singapur encontr\u00f3 una forma de recrear el intestino de las lombrices que digieren pl\u00e1sticos desarrollando comunidades microbianas en matraces. Los investigadores crearon tres grupos diferentes de gusanos y los alimentaron con dietas compuestas de distintos pl\u00e1sticos: polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE), polipropileno (PP) y poliestireno (PS). Un grupo de control se aliment\u00f3 con harina de avena.<\/p>\n

Los gusanos fueron alimentados con sus dietas espec\u00edficas durante 30 d\u00edas, tras los cuales los cient\u00edficos extrajeron los microbiomas intestinales y los aislaron en frascos con pl\u00e1sticos y nutrientes sint\u00e9ticos. De este modo, los cient\u00edficos crearon una especie de \u00abintestino de lombriz artificial\u00bb que dejaron a temperatura ambiente, donde crecieron durante seis semanas.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el estudio, las comunidades del microbioma desarrolladas a partir de gusanos alimentados con una dieta de pl\u00e1stico presentaban una mayor cantidad de bacterias capaces de descomponer los pl\u00e1sticos al cabo de seis semanas.<\/p>\n

\u00abNuestro estudio representa el primer intento con \u00e9xito de desarrollar comunidades bacterianas asociadas al pl\u00e1stico a partir de microbiomas intestinales de gusanos alimentados con pl\u00e1stico\u00bb, afirma Liu Yinan, primer autor del estudio e investigador de la Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Civil y Medioambiental de la NTU de Singapur. \u00abMediante la exposici\u00f3n de los microbiomas intestinales a condiciones espec\u00edficas, pudimos aumentar la abundancia de bacterias que degradan el pl\u00e1stico presentes en nuestro ‘intestino de gusano’ artificial, lo que sugiere que nuestro m\u00e9todo es estable y reproducible a escala\u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Los investigadores tienen previsto seguir estudiando la capacidad de las comunidades microbianas para descomponer el pl\u00e1stico. Con el tiempo, esperan que esta informaci\u00f3n ayude a desarrollar formas m\u00e1s eficaces y pr\u00e1cticas de descomponer los residuos pl\u00e1sticos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Traducido por David Mel\u00e9ndez Tormen<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las noticias sobre enzimas e insectos comedores de pl\u00e1stico han sido noticia en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os. 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